Tunisia

Tunisia Economy

Tunisia's economy in numbers:

Nominal GDP of USD 46.4 billion in 2022.

GDP per capita of USD 3,752 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 1.5% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Economic structure:

In 2021, services accounted for 68% of overall GDP, manufacturing 15%, other industrial activity 8%, and agriculture 9%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 74% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 20%, fixed investment 12%, and net exports -6%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade:

In 2019, manufactured products made up 82% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 6%, food 11%, ores and metals 2% and agricultural raw materials 0%, with other categories accounting for -1% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 68% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 17%, food 11%, ores and metals 4% and agricultural raw materials 2%, with other goods accounting for -2% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 19 billion in 2022, while total imports were USD 26 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Economic growth:

The economy recorded average annual growth of 1.5% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Tunisia, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy:

Tunisia's fiscal deficit averaged 6.0% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment:

The unemployment rate averaged 15.9% in the decade to 2022. For more information on Tunisia's unemployment click here.

Inflation:

Inflation averaged 5.6% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Tunisia inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy:

Tunisia's monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 7.25%, up from 3.75% a decade earlier. See our Tunisia monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate:

From end-2012 to end-2022 the dinar weakened by 48.4% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the dinar, click here.
Recently released national accounts data showed the economy deteriorated further in Q4; GDP fell 0.2% year on year (Q3: -0.3% yoy). The more moderate decline was due to smaller contractions in the agricultural, construction and mining sectors. That said, natural gas and crude extraction services fell at a more pronounced year-on-year rate in Q4. From an expenditure point of view, downbeat domestic demand explained the overall GDP fall in the quarter; household spending was likely hurt by still-elevated inflation and the highest unemployment rate in over two years. The economy expanded 0.4% in 2023 as a whole (2022: +2.6%). In other news, the state of emergency was extended until end-2024 in late January; this bodes ill for the fairness of November’s presidential elections. Meanwhile, the government is in talks with Algeria over a free trade zone.
Projections out to 2033.

44 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 20 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Tunisia in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2033 on 44 economic indicators for Tunisia from a panel of 20 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Tunisia economy. To download a sample report on the Tunisia's economy, click here . To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page .

Tunisia Economic Data

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Population (million) 11.9 12.0 12.2 12.3 12.4
GDP (USD bn) 42.9 42.0 42.6 46.9 46.4
GDP per capita (USD) 3,593 3,483 3,505 3,824 3,752
GDP (TND bn) 113 123 120 130 144
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 10.8 8.8 -2.7 9.1 10.3
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 2.6 1.6 -8.6 4.6 2.6
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) 0.3 2.3 -2.1 2.4 2.2
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) -1.1 1.4 -1.0 1.5 -1.2
Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) -0.2 0.5 -19.9 3.3 1.3
Exports (G&S, ann. var. %) 4.6 -4.2 -20.0 11.8 15.2
Imports (G&S, ann. var. %) 2.5 -8.4 -16.6 10.9 9.3
Industrial Production (ann. var. %) -0.7 -3.3 -5.5 10.5 2.3
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 15.5 15.2 16.7 17.6 15.5
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -4.5 -3.3 -9.7 -7.9 -7.7
Public Debt (% of GDP) 73.4 67.8 77.8 79.9 79.9
Money (ann. var. of M2 %) 7.2 11.7 10.1 8.8 9.0
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, eop) 7.5 6.1 4.9 6.6 10.1
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 7.3 6.7 5.6 5.7 8.3
BCT Key Rate (%, eop) 6.75 7.75 6.25 6.25 7.25
Exchange Rate (TND per USD, eop) 2.99 2.77 2.69 2.87 3.12
Exchange Rate (TND per USD, aop) 2.64 2.93 2.81 2.78 3.10
Current Account Balance (USD bn) -4.5 -3.4 -2.5 -2.8 -4.0
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) -10.4 -8.1 -6.0 -6.0 -8.6
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) -6.0 -5.6 -3.6 -4.8 -7.0
Merchandise Exports (USD bn) 15.6 15.0 13.8 16.8 18.5
Merchandise Imports (USD bn) 21.5 20.5 17.4 21.6 25.6
Merchandise Exports (ann. var. %) 8.8 -3.8 -7.9 21.6 10.6
Merchandise Imports (ann. var. %) 9.7 -4.6 -15.2 23.9 18.5
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
International Reserves (USD bn) 5.2 7.5 9.2 8.7 7.8
International Reserves (months of imports) 2.9 4.4 6.3 4.8 3.7
External Debt (USD bn) 35.1 39.4 41.1 41.7 39.7
External Debt (% of GDP) 81.8 94.0 96.5 88.9 85.5

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