Iran skyline

Iran Economic Forecast

Iran Economic Outlook

Iran likely grew at one of the slowest rates in MENA in the 2022 calendar year. Tough U.S. sanctions and Russian competition constrained crude output growth to 6%, notably below the expansions of other regional oil exporters. Moreover, elevated inflation and widespread social unrest from September will have harmed the non-energy economy. Heading into 2023, economic momentum seems to be easing further. Oil output rose only marginally year on year in January, and the parallel-market currency has slumped to a record low in recent weeks, which will be dampening consumers’ purchasing power. Gas shortages are further hampering economic activity. In politics, the FY 2023 budget presented in January projects an over-40% rise in nominal spending, which, together with an optimistic oil price assumption, suggests that the country will continue to run a sizable fiscal deficit ahead.

Iran Inflation

Inflation rose to 53.4% in February from 51.3% in January. Price pressures have been pushed up recently by the weak parallel-market rial, a large monetary expansion and the elimination of the subsidized exchange rate. Looking forward, our analysts see inflation averaging the second-highest in the region this year due to ongoing rial weakness and elevated money supply growth.

Iran Economic Data

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Population (million) 81.1 82.1 83.1 84.0 84.8
GDP (USD bn) 487 516 652 971 1
GDP per capita (USD) 6 6 7 11 18
GDP (IRR tn) 16.0 21.0 27.0 40.0 66.0
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 16.2 29.2 26.5 49.1 63.7
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 2.8 -1.8 -3.1 3.3 4.7
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) 1.6 -1.7 -4.8 0.5 3.9
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) -0.8 -1.7 -5.8 -0.9 8.3
Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) -0.5 -15.4 -7.0 3.2 0.0
Exports (G&S, ann. var. %) 0.5 -4.4 -17.3 -12.8 5.2
Imports (G&S, ann. var. %) 6.8 -26.3 -32.5 -29.7 24.1
Industry (ann. var. %) 2.3 -9.1 -9.7 7.8 3.2
Oil Production (mn barrels per day, aop) 3.8 3.2 2.1 2.0 2.5
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 12.1 12.1 10.7 9.6 9.2
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -1.6 -1.6 -4.5 -5.8 -4.3
Public Debt (% of GDP) 45.0 40.6 42.7 44.1 42.4
Money (ann. var. of M2 %) 22.1 23.1 31.3 40.6 39.0
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, eop) 7.2 47.5 22.0 48.7 34.7
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 8.2 26.9 34.8 36.4 40.2
Exchange Rate (IRR per USD, eop) 37.0 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.0
Exchange Rate (IRR per USD, aop) 33.0 41.0 42.0 42.0 42.0
Current Account Balance (USD bn) 15 26 -2 -1 11
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) 3.1 5.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.7
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) 22 31 2 3 16
Merchandise Exports (USD bn) 96 93 60 50 79
Merchandise Imports (USD bn) 74 62 58 47 64
Merchandise Exports (ann. var. %) 17.2 -3.5 -35.3 -16.9 59.4
Merchandise Imports (ann. var. %) 16.4 -16.2 -6.1 -19.8 36.5
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) 5 2 2 1 1
International Reserves (USD bn) 113 122 15 14 18
International Reserves (months of imports) 18.3 23.8 3.1 3.5 3.3
External Debt (USD bn) 7 6 5 5 10
External Debt (% of GDP) 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.7

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