Iceland

Iceland Economic Data & Projections

Iceland Economic Outlook

A small, tourism-driven economy with strong natural resources:

Iceland’s economy is unique due to its reliance on natural resources and tourism. Fishing and fish processing remain key industries, but the country has increasingly diversified into tourism, renewable energy, and financial services. Iceland's vast geothermal and hydroelectric energy resources provide cheap and sustainable power, attracting energy-intensive industries such as aluminum smelting.

Tourism boom and volatility:

The tourism sector has become a major driver of economic growth, with Iceland attracting millions of visitors annually, particularly drawn to its natural landscapes and unique attractions like the Blue Lagoon and Northern Lights. However, the sector has proven vulnerable to external shocks, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when travel restrictions led to a sharp economic contraction.

Resilience and financial stability post-crisis:

Iceland’s economy rebounded strongly after the 2008 financial crisis, when its banking sector collapsed. Strict financial regulations and a shift toward sustainable industries have since strengthened economic stability. However, inflationary pressures and reliance on tourism make the economy susceptible to global economic downturns.

Iceland’s economic outlook:

The Icelandic economy is set to expand above the Western European average in the coming years, driven by tourism, renewable energy exports, and a growing technology sector. However, risks include fluctuations in visitor numbers, inflationary pressures, and global economic instability. Diversification into tech and sustainable industries will be key to long-term resilience.

Iceland's Macroeconomic Analysis:

Nominal GDP of USD 31.3 billion in 2023.

GDP per capita of USD 83,531 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 3.7% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Sector Analysis

In 2020, services accounted for 76% of overall GDP, manufacturing 9%, other industrial activity 11%, and agriculture 4%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 52% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 27%, fixed investment 23%, and net exports -2%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade

In 2021, manufactured products made up 12% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 1%, food 46%, ores and metals 40% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other categories accounting for 0% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 70% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 8%, food 11%, ores and metals 10% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other goods accounting for 0% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 7 billion in 2023, while total imports were USD 9 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Main Economic Indicators

Economic growth

The economy recorded average annual growth of 3.7% in the decade to 2023. To read more about GDP growth in Iceland, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy

Iceland's fiscal deficit averaged 1.1% of GDP in the decade to 2023. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate averaged 4.2% in the decade to 2024. For more information on Iceland's unemployment click here.

Inflation

Inflation averaged 3.9% in the decade to 2024. Go to our Iceland inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy

Iceland's monetary policy rate ended 2024 at 8.50%, up from 4.50% a decade earlier. See our Iceland monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate

From end-2014 to end-2024 the krona weakened by 8% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the krona, click here.

Economic situation in Iceland

Annual economic growth likely accelerated from the third quarter in Q4, aided by a weaker base of comparison. Data at hand is upbeat, supporting this projection: Consumer sentiment turned optimistic in November for the first time in seven months and averaged above Q3 overall in Q4. This, coupled with the lowest inflation in three years in Q4, likely supported private consumption in the period. Externally, hotel stays rebounded in Q4, posting the best reading since Q2 2023, and goods exports growth logged the strongest rise in two years. In politics, Kristrún Frostadóttir of the Social Democrats took office as prime minister on 22 December. The new government—a three-party coalition including the Liberal Reform Party and the People’s Party—plans to put EU accession to a referendum by 2027 and will focus on reducing inflation and the government’s administrative costs.

Iceland Economic Forecasts

Projections out to 2034.

34 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 10 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Iceland in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2034 on 34 economic indicators for Iceland from a panel of 10 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Iceland economy. To download a sample report on the Iceland's economy, click here. To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page.

Iceland Economic Indicators

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Exchange Rate (ISK per USD, eop) 121 127 130 143 136
Exchange Rate (ISK per USD, aop) 123 135 127 135 138
Merchandise Trade Balance (EUR bn) -0.8 -0.6 -0.9 -1.4 -2.0
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 3.9 6.4 6.0 3.8 3.4
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) 3.9 5.2 2.3 2.4 1.8
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 3.0 2.8 4.4 8.3 8.7
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) 1.7 -3.1 6.9 8.3 0.6
Current Account Balance (EUR bn) 1.4 0.2 -0.6 -0.6 0.3
Exchange Rate (ISK per EUR, aop) 137 155 150 142 149
GDP (EUR bn) 22.0 19.0 21.8 27.3 29.0
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) 6.5 1.1 -2.6 -2.1 1.1
GDP per capita (USD) 70,711 61,123 72,143 78,790 83,531
GDP (USD bn) 24.7 21.6 25.8 28.8 31.3
Exchange Rate (ISK per EUR, eop) 136 156 148 152 150
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -1.6 -8.9 -8.3 -4.0 -2.0
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 1.9 -6.9 5.3 9.0 5.0
GDP per capita (EUR) 63,177 53,540 61,012 74,921 77,253
Exports (G&S, ann. var. %) -5.3 -30.7 14.8 22.1 6.3
Imports (G&S, ann. var. %) -9.1 -20.6 19.9 20.0 -1.1
GDP (ISK bn) 3,026 2,929 3,280 3,892 4,321
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 6.4 -3.2 12.0 18.7 11.0
Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) -4.1 -7.4 14.3 15.7 1.7
Population (million) 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Public Debt (% of GDP) 66.5 77.5 74.8 67.4 62.2
Key Interest Rate (% eop) 3.00 0.75 2.00 6.00 9.25
Foreign Direct Investment (EUR bn) -0.2 -0.8 0.4 0.8 0.9
Free Sample Report

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