Lisbon, Portugal street

Portugal Economy

Portugal's economy in numbers:

Nominal GDP of USD 255 billion in 2022.

GDP per capita of USD 24,793 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 1.2% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Economic structure:

In 2021, services accounted for 79% of overall GDP, manufacturing 12%, other industrial activity 7%, and agriculture 2%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 64% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 19%, fixed investment 20%, and net exports -3%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade:

In 2021, manufactured products made up 76% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 6%, food 13%, ores and metals 3% and agricultural raw materials 2%, with other categories accounting for 0% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 70% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 12%, food 14%, ores and metals 3% and agricultural raw materials 2%, with other goods accounting for -1% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 82 billion in 2022, while total imports were USD 115 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Economic growth:

The economy recorded average annual growth of 1.2% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Portugal, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy:

Portugal's fiscal deficit averaged 3.4% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment:

The unemployment rate averaged 10.5% in the decade to 2022. For more information on Portugal's unemployment click here.

Inflation:

Inflation averaged 1.5% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Portugal inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy:

Euro Area monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 2.50%, up from 0.75% a decade earlier. See our Portugal monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate:

From end-2012 to end-2022 the euro weakened by 18.2% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the euro, click here.
Sequential GDP growth ticked up in Q1 on a positive contribution from the external sector and faster private spending growth. Our panel expects the economy to have lost steam in Q2; monthly industrial activity cooled in April–May from Q1. However, other available data hints at upside risks to the forecast. Economic sentiment averaged in positive terrain in Q2 on improving consumer sentiment, suggesting households brushed off slightly higher inflation; retail sales averaged above Q1 in April–May. Moreover, merchandise exports rose from Q1’s monthly average in April. In other news, the government recently announced plans to reintroduce income tax breaks for foreign residents in order to attract skilled workers. The initiative mirrors a scheme that was scrapped by the prior administration in late 2023, suggesting the minority government could face resistance from the opposition.
Projections out to 2033.

49 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 27 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Portugal in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2033 on 49 economic indicators for Portugal from a panel of 27 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Portugal economy. To download a sample report on the Portugal's economy, click here. To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page.

Portugal Economic Data

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Population (million) 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3
GDP (EUR bn) 214 201 216 242 266
GDP per capita (EUR) 20,841 19,474 20,986 23,531 25,757
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 4.5 -6.5 7.7 12.2 9.6
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 2.7 -8.3 5.7 6.8 2.3
Domestic Demand (ann. var. %) 3.1 -5.4 5.9 4.4 1.4
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) 3.4 -7.1 4.8 5.6 1.6
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) 2.1 0.3 4.5 1.4 1.0
Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) 5.4 -2.2 8.1 3.0 2.6
Exports (G&S, ann. var. %) 4.1 -18.6 12.3 17.4 4.1
Imports (G&S, ann. var. %) 4.9 -11.8 12.2 11.1 2.2
Industrial Production (ann. var. %) -2.5 -7.8 3.6 0.7 -3.1
Retail Sales (ann. var. %) 3.7 -5.3 5.1 5.4 1.1
Disposable Income (ann. var. %) 4.6 -1.1 5.2 8.0 7.0
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 6.7 7.1 6.7 6.2 6.6
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) 0.1 -5.8 -2.9 -0.3 1.2
Public Debt (% of GDP) 116.6 134.9 124.5 112.4 99.1
Inflation (HICP, ann. var. %, eop) 0.4 -0.3 2.8 9.8 1.9
Inflation (HICP, ann. var. %, aop) 0.3 -0.1 0.9 8.1 5.3
Inflation (PPI, ann. var. %, aop) -0.1 -3.3 7.8 18.9 0.0
ECB Refinancing Rate (%, eop) 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 4.50
ECB Overnight Deposit Rate (%, eop) -0.50 -0.50 -0.50 2.00 4.00
3-Month EURIBOR (%, eop) -0.38 -0.55 -0.57 2.13 3.91
10-Year Bond Yield (%, eop) 0.45 0.06 0.49 3.60 2.79
PSI-20 (var. %, eop) 10.2 -6.1 13.7 2.8 11.7
Exchange Rate (USD per EUR, eop) 1.12 1.22 1.14 1.07 1.10
Exchange Rate (USD per EUR, aop) 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.05 1.08
Current Account Balance (EUR bn) 0.9 -2.1 -1.6 -2.8 3.6
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) 0.4 -1.0 -0.8 -1.1 1.4
Merchandise Trade Balance (EUR bn) -16.3 -12.5 -16.0 -26.4 -24.7
Foreign Direct Investment (EUR bn) 10.9 6.3 8.5 9.2 6.5

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