Indonesia skyline

Indonesia GDP

Indonesia GDP

Economic Growth in Indonesia

Indonesia's GDP growth from 2013-2022 was above the emerging-market average, underpinned by strong domestic consumption and growing middle class. The economy experienced steady growth, despite global economic uncertainties and commodity price fluctuations. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant contraction in 2020. However, the subsequent recovery was swift, driven by government stimulus and a focus on digitalization and infrastructure.

Indonesia's economy recorded average real GDP growth of 4.3% in the decade to 2022, slightly below the 4.4% average for the Asia-Pacific region. In 2022, real GDP growth was 5.3%. For more GDP information, visit our dedicated page.

Indonesia GDP Chart

Note: This chart displays Economic Growth (GDP, annual variation in %) for Indonesia from 2013 to 2022.
Source: Bank Indonesia.

Indonesia GDP Data

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 5.2 5.0 -2.1 3.7 5.3
GDP (USD bn) 1,043 1,120 1,062 1,188 1,319
GDP (IDR tn) 14,839 15,833 15,443 16,977 19,588
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 9.2 6.7 -2.5 9.9 15.4

Economy grows at softest pace in two years in Q3

GDP growth waned to 4.9% year on year in the third quarter from 5.2% in the second quarter. Q3's reading was the softest since Q3 2021 and surprised markets on the downside. Meanwhile, the economy grew 0.8% in Q3 on a seasonally adjusted quarter-on-quarter basis, slowing marginally from Q2’s 0.9%.

Domestically, the annual deceleration was due to weaker public spending and a slightly softer expansion in private spending, which outweighed stronger fixed investment growth. Public consumption dropped at the sharpest pace since Q2 2023, contracting 3.8% due to lower expenditure on personnel, subsidies and social assistance (Q2: +10.6% yoy). Private spending increased 5.1% in the third quarter, which was below the second quarter's 5.2% expansion, as households spent less on appliances, health and education. In contrast, fixed investment growth hit an over-two-year high of 5.8% in the third quarter, up from the second quarter's 4.6%. On the external front, exports of goods and services contracted 4.3% in Q3, marking the worst reading since Q4 2020 amid downbeat goods exports (Q2: -3.0% yoy). In addition, imports of goods and services dropped at a much sharper pace of 6.2% in Q3 (Q2: -3.1% yoy), in line with softening domestic demand. As such, net exports had a marginally positive impact on total GDP growth.

The economy is seen growing at a pace similar to that of Q3 at the tail end of 2023 and expanding solidly in 2024. Election-related spending, q q recently announced additional stimulus measures—including social assistance aimed at alleviating the impact of the El Niño weather event and VAT discounts on new real estate purchases in 2024—should cushion growth. In addition, the Bank of Indonesia is expected to kick off its monetary policy loosening cycle in H2 2024, which should further stimulate domestic demand. That said, China’s underwhelming recovery and the risk of an intensifying El Niño pose downside risks to the outlook.

Krystal Tan, economist at ANZ, said GDP growth would return to its pre-pandemic average next year: “Looking ahead, we expect a pick-up in fiscal disbursement and election-related spending to help cushion against headwinds from a challenging external environment and softening consumer sentiment. […] The pass-through of Bank Indonesia’s rate hikes to the real economy will be limited by a loosening in macroprudential measures aimed at encouraging credit growth. Overall, we continue to expect full-year growth of 5% in both 2023 and 2024, which is in line with Indonesia’s pre-pandemic average.”

Consensus Forecasts and Projections for the next ten years

How should you choose a forecaster if some are too optimistic while others are too pessimistic? FocusEconomics collects Indonesian GDP projections for the next ten years from a panel of 44 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. By averaging all forecasts, upside and downside forecasting errors tend to cancel each other out, leading to the most reliable GDP forecast available for Indonesian GDP.

Download one of our sample reports to visualize what a Consensus Forecast is and see our Indonesian GDP projections.

Want to get access to the full dataset of Indonesian GDP forecasts? Send an email to info@focus-economics.com.

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