Merchandise Trade Balance in China
China's merchandise trade balance averaged USD 498 billion in the decade leading up to 2022. The 2022 reading was USD 848 billion. For more trade information, visit our dedicated page.
China Trade Chart
China Trade Data
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) | 351 | 421 | 524 | 670 | 838 |
Merchandise exports increase in December
Merchandise exports climbed 2.3% in annual terms in December (November: +0.5% year-on-year). December’s figure marked the fastest outturn since April 2023 and beat market expectations. That said, a low base of comparison flattered the figure: exports saw a double-digit contraction in December 2022 due to disruption stemming from the abrupt lifting of Covid-19 restrictions. Moreover, China’s export recovery is lagging behind that seen in other East Asian economies such as Korea and Taiwan. Meanwhile, merchandise imports were broadly stable, rising just 0.2% on an annual basis in December (November: -0.6% yoy), in a sign of soft domestic demand. As a result, the merchandise trade balance improved from the previous month, recording a USD 75.3 billion surplus in December (November 2023: USD 68.4 billion surplus; December 2022: USD 69.0 billion surplus). Lastly, the trend pointed up, with the 12-month trailing merchandise trade balance recording a USD 823.5 billion surplus in December, compared to the USD 817.1 billion surplus in November.
Looking to 2024, while China’s merchandise exports are forecast to return to growth, the expansion is set to be the slowest in East and South Asia. Persistent trade tensions with the West will constrain exports and encourage firms to continue to pivot manufacturing away from China.
On export constraints, Nomura analysts said: “In addition to a global slowdown, we see two more headwinds for exports. First, a surge of EV, battery and solar panel exports from China could trigger an increase in trade frictions. In September, the European Union formally launched anti-subsidy investigations into China’s electric vehicle industry in an attempt to protect its manufacturers, which was followed by the latest retaliatory measures from China, with investigations into French brandy imports. Another potential barrier is the higher base for exports to Russia. As Chinese companies establish themselves within Russian markets, this elevated pace is unlikely to sustain through 2024.”
How should you choose a forecaster if some are too optimistic while others are too pessimistic? FocusEconomics collects Chinese trade projections for the next ten years from a panel of 9 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. By averaging all forecasts, upside and downside forecasting errors tend to cancel each other out, leading to the most reliable trade forecast available for Chinese trade.
Download one of our sample reports to visualize what a Consensus Forecast is and see our Chinese trade projections.
Want to get access to the full dataset of Chinese trade forecasts? Send an email to info@focus-economics.com.
Latest Global Trade News
-
Non-oil domestic exports (NODX) dived 20.7% annually in March (February: -0.2% year-on-year). The figure marked the worst decline since August...
-
Indonesia: Merchandise exports drop at a sharper pace in January
Merchandise exports contracted 7.8% on an annual basis in January, following December’s 7.7% drop. Meanwhile, merchandise imports increased 3.0% in... -
Peru: Merchandise exports increase at a softer rate in February
Merchandise exports climbed 1.6% annually in February, on the heels of January’s 9.5% increase. Meanwhile, merchandise imports declined 0.9% over... -
China: Merchandise exports drop in March
Merchandise exports decreased 7.5% year-on-year in March, contrasting February’s 5.6% increase. The outturn marked the sharpest contraction since August 2023... -
Philippines: Merchandise exports accelerate in February
Merchandise exports soared 15.7% annually in February, following January’s 9.1% rise. February’s figure marked the fastest outturn since October 2022.... -
Taiwan: Merchandise exports increase at a faster pace in March
Merchandise exports jumped 18.9% on an annual basis in March (February: +1.3% year-on-year), well above government and market forecasts. March’s... -
Germany: Merchandise exports drop in February
Merchandise exports decreased 2.0% in seasonally adjusted month-on-month terms in February (January: +6.3% mom s.a.). Meanwhile, merchandise imports rose 3.2%...