Thailand Imports

Economic growth accelerates in the first quarter of 2026

Economy surprises markets on the upside: Thailand's GDP expanded 2.8% in annual terms in Q1, following 2.5% growth in the prior quarter. Q1's reading was the strongest in a year and overshot market expectations of a deceleration. In seasonally adjusted quarter-on-quarter terms, the economy expanded 0.7% in Q1, following 1.9% growth in the previous quarter.

Domestic activity shows resilience, while net trade weakens further: Compared to the prior quarter's data, readings in Q1 improved for government consumption (+3.4% on a year-on-year basis vs +1.3% in Q4), fixed investment (+9.9% vs +8.1% in Q4), exports of goods and services (+12.6% vs +5.9% in Q4) and imports of goods and services (+21.1% vs +9.5% in Q4). In contrast, the reading for private consumption softened in Q1 (+3.2% vs +3.3% in Q4). Private business investment was buoyed by stronger spending on industrial machinery and vehicles, while fiscal stimulus likely prevented a sharper deceleration in household spending. Meanwhile, exports benefited from the ongoing AI boom pushing up demand for electronics, but due to a much faster rise in imports, net trade detracted more than four percentage points from headline GDP growth, deteriorating from the two percentage point drag in the prior quarter.

Headwinds to GDP growth mount: The Thai economy will likely expand the least in five years and rank as ASEAN’s bottom growth performer in 2026—weaker than even civil-war-ridden Myanmar—due to structural issues, including the highest household-debt-to-GDP ratio in the region and limited reform progress denting investor sentiment. These factors are set to keep growth in private spending and fixed investment below that of regional peers. Moreover, the global energy crisis sparked by the Iran war will hurt the export-oriented manufacturing sector by raising input costs and dampening external demand; adding to this, higher jet fuel prices and travel route disruptions will dampen tourist arrivals, boding ill for the services sector—worth almost two-thirds of the economy and employing almost half of the labor force in 2025.

Panelist insight: Nomura’s Euben Paracuelles and Yiru Chen said: “We expect a further drop in growth momentum in the coming quarters as the full effects of the Iran war materialise, including on the tourism sector, which already saw a sharp drop in arrivals in April of -7.0% y-o-y from -2.4% in Q1. Fiscal measures from the government’s emergency borrowing decree will provide some offset, in our view, but are unlikely to turn growth momentum around as these are predominantly short-term handouts, including populist programs such as the co-payment scheme to households and SMEs, which have weak balance sheets. Our forecast is still below our estimate of potential growth of around 2.4%, weighed on by structural factors, including deteriorating demographics and intensifying industrial competition from China.”

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