Iraq Fixed Investment (ann. var. %)

Investment (annual variation in %)

Investment typically refers to gross fixed investment or, more precisely, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF). Gross fixed capital formation is a macroeconomic aggregate used in national accounting that measures the value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets with a life span of more than one year by the business sector (national accounting generally considers personal spending and most government spending as consumption).

Gross fixed capital formation includes spending on factories, machinery, equipment, buildings (including private residential dwellings) and infrastructure. Investment is called “gross” because it does not consider the consumption of fixed assets (depreciation); the term “fixed” is used because inventories (stocks) are not included; and the term “capital formation” is used because financial investments are not included.

The investment component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is much more cyclical than consumption. When businesses expect economic growth to be strong, they are more likely to invest. The level of capacity utilization and interest rates also determine investment decisions.

This chart displays Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) for Major Economies, Latin America, Euro Area, South Asia, Middle East & North Africa from 2010 to 2023.

Investment (annual variation in %) Data

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Albania 2.3 -3.6 -1.4 19.2 6.5
Algeria 3.1 -3.6 -5.2 5.8 2.4
Angola -5.3 -2.1 -2.0 5.4 8.5
Argentina -5.7 -16.0 -13.1 33.8 11.1
Armenia 4.8 4.4 -1.5 23.6 9.0
Australia 2.3 -2.4 -2.4 10.7 2.2
Austria 4.2 4.8 -5.2 6.0 0.3
Azerbaijan -4.3 1.1 -7.3 -8.2 -
Bahrain 10.6 6.4 -3.8 -4.2 18.1
Belarus 4.4 6.2 -6.9 -5.1 -17.7
Belgium 3.0 5.1 -5.2 5.0 -0.2
Belize 6.0 6.3 -9.2 22.7 -
Bolivia 3.2 -3.5 -25.9 11.9 5.6
Bosnia-Herz. 8.1 5.8 -4.1 5.1 0.3
Botswana 8.6 10.2 -9.2 0.3 -0.2
Brazil 5.2 4.0 -1.7 12.9 1.1
Brunei 28.3 -4.4 -9.3 -13.9 -1.8
Bulgaria 5.4 4.5 0.6 -8.3 6.5
Cambodia 15.6 14.3 -2.7 4.5 0.0
Cameroon 12.2 -3.1 -2.0 10.0 4.8
Canada 2.4 0.8 -3.8 9.3 -2.4
CdI 0.3 -2.8 26.8 -7.2 11.4
Chile 6.5 4.5 -10.8 15.7 2.8
Colombia 1.0 2.2 -23.6 16.7 11.5
Costa Rica 1.6 -8.2 -3.4 7.8 1.5
Croatia 3.9 9.0 -5.0 6.6 0.1
Cuba 6.3 -0.4 -3.9 0.1 -5.8
Cyprus -4.9 6.9 5.7 0.0 8.3
Czech Republic 10.0 5.8 -6.0 0.7 3.1
Denmark 4.2 -1.3 4.3 6.6 3.2
Dominican Republic 13.3 8.1 -12.1 22.1 4.0
DR Congo 27.6 -18.7 14.6 50.5 27.7
Ecuador -1.3 -2.3 -21.8 13.2 8.5
El Salvador 7.2 6.3 -7.8 25.1 2.6
Estonia 10.5 6.2 10.7 7.3 -3.7
Ethiopia 11.8 -3.3 -0.3 9.1 -
Euro Area 3.2 6.5 -6.2 3.7 2.6
Finland 3.6 -1.5 -1.0 1.0 2.5
France 3.2 4.1 -7.0 10.2 2.3
Georgia 1.9 -0.1 -16.5 -7.3 7.3
Germany 3.4 1.7 -2.4 -0.2 0.1
Ghana 13.2 -10.0 1.8 5.8 0.8
Greece -4.2 -2.3 2.0 19.1 11.6
Guatemala 4.5 8.8 -4.5 19.8 3.5
Haiti -5.2 7.7 -20.6 -21.8 -9.9
Honduras 7.3 -5.2 -23.8 34.7 5.6
Hong Kong 1.7 -14.9 -11.1 8.3 -7.4
Hungary 16.3 12.8 -7.1 5.8 0.1
Iceland 2.3 -4.1 -7.4 14.1 15.1
India 11.2 1.1 -7.1 17.5 6.6
Indonesia 6.7 4.5 -5.0 3.8 3.9
Iran -15.8 -6.5 3.2 0.0 6.7
Iraq -0.3 47.2 -65.4 7.8 -
Ireland -8.2 100.7 -16.5 -40.4 5.1
Israel 7.7 3.7 -3.1 13.5 10.4
Italy 2.8 1.2 -8.0 20.3 8.9
Jamaica 5.7 1.9 -15.4 -4.1 -9.6
Japan 0.6 0.5 -3.6 -0.1 -1.4
Jordan -18.0 -6.4 -4.9 9.6 -
Kazakhstan 5.4 13.8 -0.2 2.6 3.6
Kenya -0.4 4.5 2.3 10.8 -1.1
Korea -2.2 -2.1 3.5 3.2 -0.5
Kosovo 5.4 2.9 -7.6 13.0 -3.2
Kyrgyzstan 8.0 8.0 -14.6 8.8 12.7
Latvia 11.7 1.5 -2.2 7.2 0.6
Lebanon 8.4 -45.5 -53.0 -67.6 -
Lithuania 10.4 7.1 -0.5 9.4 3.6
Luxembourg -8.0 9.0 -4.8 17.1 -9.8
Malaysia 1.4 -2.1 -14.4 -0.8 6.8
Malta 3.9 10.3 -6.0 14.2 31.4
Mexico 0.6 -4.4 -17.4 9.7 7.7
Moldova 14.4 12.0 5.6 1.9 -6.8
Mongolia 31.8 14.0 -21.1 17.7 13.2
Montenegro 14.7 -1.7 -12.0 -12.3 0.1
Morocco 2.4 1.7 -10.0 7.6 -2.2
Mozambique 34.1 -20.2 9.1 0.7 33.7
Myanmar 2.4 2.6 2.2 -15.1 3.0
Netherlands 3.6 6.2 -2.6 2.9 1.8
New Zealand 6.5 4.3 -4.7 12.0 3.4
Nicaragua -22.0 -27.5 11.1 34.3 -4.2
Nigeria 9.7 8.3 -14.7 4.7 3.3
Norway 2.2 9.5 -4.1 0.7 5.2
Oman 0.5 -10.4 1.8 -15.7 2.5
Pakistan 10.3 -11.1 -6.7 3.7 3.3
Panama 0.9 -0.4 -49.5 29.6 -
Paraguay 6.9 -6.1 5.3 18.2 -1.8
Peru 4.4 3.3 -16.2 34.6 1.0
Philippines 12.9 3.9 -27.3 9.8 9.7
Poland 12.6 6.2 -2.3 1.2 4.9
Portugal 6.2 5.4 -2.2 8.1 3.0
Puerto Rico 63.9 4.6 -32.0 9.5 12.6
Romania 0.0 12.6 1.1 2.9 5.9
Russia 0.6 1.0 -4.0 9.1 3.3
Rwanda 5.8 32.0 -4.5 16.3 -4.0
Saudi Arabia 2.4 4.9 -10.3 10.5 21.3
Senegal 13.7 10.3 7.2 16.5 7.2
Serbia 17.5 17.2 -1.9 15.7 1.9
Singapore -5.0 2.5 -14.2 23.6 2.5
Slovakia 2.8 6.7 -10.9 3.5 4.5
Slovenia 10.2 5.0 -7.2 12.6 3.5
South Africa -1.2 -1.7 -14.6 0.6 4.8
Spain 6.3 4.5 -9.0 2.8 2.4
Sri Lanka 0.6 -10.6 -8.6 6.7 -22.7
Sudan -2.1 -0.2 -2.0 -2.1 -1.6
Sweden 1.4 -0.3 1.5 6.8 6.2
Switzerland 0.8 0.9 -1.4 2.8 1.2
Taiwan 3.2 11.1 6.1 14.3 7.8
Tanzania 17.2 13.8 5.9 4.3 5.6
Thailand 3.9 2.0 -4.7 3.1 2.3
Tunisia -0.2 0.5 -19.9 3.3 1.3
Turkey 0.1 -12.5 7.3 7.2 1.3
Turkmenistan 0.7 -3.2 -3.0 4.6 1.7
UAE 3.6 0.0 5.8 - -
Uganda 9.7 -0.1 4.6 7.3 6.3
Ukraine 16.6 11.7 -21.3 9.3 -34.3
United Kingdom -0.5 2.2 -10.8 7.4 8.0
United States 5.1 2.7 -2.1 7.1 1.3
Uruguay -10.5 -2.0 1.2 16.5 9.5
Uzbekistan 29.9 38.1 -4.4 2.9 0.9
Venezuela -37.5 -28.7 -30.1 -3.0 -
Vietnam 8.2 7.7 4.1 2.8 5.6
Yemen 181.8 13.3 -9.4 1.6 -
Zambia -5.9 3.3 -18.8 -4.5 -
Zimbabwe 3.9 -3.6 -18.2 12.8 22.3

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