The skyline in Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan Economy

Azerbaijan's economy in numbers:

Nominal GDP of USD 78.7 billion in 2022.

GDP per capita of USD 7,753 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 1.7% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Economic structure:

In 2021, services accounted for 46% of overall GDP, manufacturing 7%, other industrial activity 41%, and agriculture 6%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 52% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 13%, fixed investment 17%, and net exports 18%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade:

In 2021, manufactured products made up 5% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 88%, food 4%, ores and metals 1% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other categories accounting for 1% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 74% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 3%, food 19%, ores and metals 1% and agricultural raw materials 2%, with other goods accounting for 1% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 42 billion in 2022, while total imports were USD 14 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Economic growth:

The economy recorded average annual growth of 1.7% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Azerbaijan, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy:

Azerbaijan's fiscal surplus averaged 1.7% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment:

The unemployment rate averaged 5.3% in the decade to 2022. For more information on Azerbaijan's unemployment click here.

Inflation:

Inflation averaged 5.8% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Azerbaijan inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy:

Azerbaijan's monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 8.25%, up from 5.00% a decade earlier. See our Azerbaijan monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate:

From end-2012 to end-2022 the manat weakened by 52.9% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the manat, click here.
The economy gathered steam at the tail end of 2023, according to a preliminary release: Annual economic activity growth rose to 1.1% in January–December (January–September: +0.8% yoy), spearheaded by increased activity in the oil and gas sector. Weaker external demand exacerbated a poor performance in the non-oil-and-gas sector; merchandise exports fell at a sharper annual clip in October–November than in Q3. That said, annual retail sales growth in Q4 outpaced that of Q3 amid a near three-year-low inflation rate and a looser monetary policy backdrop, boding well for private spending. In politics, tensions with neighboring Armenia flared up in mid-January following disputes over border delimitation in mid-January; Azerbaijan’s interest in establishing the Zangezur Corridor threatens the resolution of the 35-year old dispute. Renewed military conflict would weigh on the domestic economy.
Projections out to 2033.

43 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 15 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Azerbaijan in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2033 on 43 economic indicators for Azerbaijan from a panel of 15 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Azerbaijan economy. To download a sample report on the Azerbaijan's economy, click here . To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page .

Azerbaijan Economic Data

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Population (million) 9.9 10.0 10.1 10.1 10.2
GDP (USD bn) 46.9 48.1 42.6 54.6 78.7
GDP per capita (USD) 4,742 4,815 4,233 5,397 7,753
GDP (EUR bn) 39.7 43.0 37.5 46.2 74.7
GDP per capita (EUR) 4,006 4,303 3,721 4,563 7,353
GDP (AZN bn) 79.8 81.7 72.4 92.9 133.8
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 13.8 2.4 -11.3 28.2 44.1
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 1.4 2.5 -4.2 5.6 4.6
Industrial Production (ann. var. %) 1.5 1.8 -5.0 5.2 -1.1
Retail Sales (ann. var. %) 3.0 3.6 -1.3 3.2 3.1
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 4.9 4.9 6.4 6.4 5.8
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) 5.4 9.0 -6.4 4.1 6.0
Public Debt (% of GDP) 18.7 17.7 21.3 26.3 17.3
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 2.3 2.7 2.8 6.7 13.8
Refinancing Rate (%, eop) 9.75 7.50 6.25 7.25 8.25
Exchange Rate (AZN per USD, eop) 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70
Exchange Rate (AZN per USD, aop) 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70
Exchange Rate (AZN per EUR, eop) 1.94 1.90 2.09 1.93 1.81
Exchange Rate (AZN per EUR, aop) 2.01 1.90 1.93 2.01 1.79
Current Account Balance (USD bn) 6.1 4.4 -0.2 8.3 23.5
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) 12.9 9.1 -0.5 15.2 29.8
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) 9.8 8.5 2.5 11.3 28.7
Merchandise Exports (USD bn) 20.8 19.9 12.6 21.7 42.2
Merchandise Imports (USD bn) 11.0 11.3 10.1 10.4 13.5
Merchandise Exports (ann. var. %) 37.2 -4.5 -36.6 72.3 94.6
Merchandise Imports (ann. var. %) 21.2 3.5 -11.1 3.4 29.7
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) 1.4 1.5 0.5 -1.7 -4.5
International Reserves (USD bn) 6.7 7.1 7.8 8.3 11.3
International Reserves (months of imports) 7.3 7.5 9.3 9.5 10.1
External Debt (USD bn) 16.2 15.8 15.8 14.6 15.3
External Debt (% of GDP) 34.5 33.0 37.1 26.8 19.4

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