A gold building in Myanmar

Myanmar Economy

Myanmar's economy in numbers:

Nominal GDP of USD 59.4 billion in 2022.

GDP per capita of USD 1,102 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 4% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Economic structure:

In 2021, services accounted for 41% of overall GDP, manufacturing 25%, other industrial activity 11%, and agriculture 23%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 46% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 20%, fixed investment 31%, and net exports 3%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade:

In 2021, manufactured products made up 39% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 21%, food 32%, ores and metals 3% and agricultural raw materials 4%, with other categories accounting for 1% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 61% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 20%, food 18%, ores and metals 1% and agricultural raw materials 0%, with other goods accounting for 0% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 9 billion in 2021, while total imports were USD 11 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Economic growth:

The economy recorded average annual growth of 4.0% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Myanmar, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy:

Myanmar's fiscal deficit averaged 4.0% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment:

The unemployment rate averaged 0.9% in the decade to 2020. For more information on Myanmar's unemployment click here.

Inflation:

Inflation averaged 5.8% in the decade to 2021. Go to our Myanmar inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy:

Myanmar's monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 7.00%, down from 10.00% a decade earlier. See our Myanmar monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate:

From end-2012 to end-2022 the kyat weakened by 59.1% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the kyat, click here.
The economy is expected to have grown at a faster pace in FY 2023 (October 2022–September 2023) than in the previous fiscal year; business conditions in the manufacturing sector strengthened in FY 2023, according to PMI data. Less positively, merchandise exports expanded at a slower rate in FY 2023 in annual terms. Armed conflict, foreign currency and trade controls, energy shortages and Western-led sanctions continued to limit the pace of economic expansion. Available data suggests that activity weakened at the outset of FY 2024 (October 2023–September 2024); business conditions in the manufacturing sector deteriorated in October-December 2023, according to PMI data. Moreover, armed rebel groups have gained control of several towns in recent months. In addition, a ceasefire agreement agreed earlier in January by the government with several of them has already been breached.
Projections out to 2033.

34 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 10 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Myanmar in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2033 on 34 economic indicators for Myanmar from a panel of 10 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Myanmar economy. To download a sample report on the Myanmar's economy, click here . To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page .

Myanmar Economic Data

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Population (million) 52.4 52.8 53.2 53.6 53.9
GDP (USD bn) 67.9 75.1 79.0 66.3 62.3
GDP per capita (USD) 1,294 1,421 1,486 1,237 1,155
GDP (MMK bn) 100,244 112,633 107,916 113,480 125,339
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 11.9 12.4 -4.2 5.2 10.5
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 6.3 6.6 -9.0 -12.0 4.0
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 5.1 5.1 11.5 - -
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -3.4 -3.9 -5.6 -11.0 -5.1
Public Debt (% of GDP) 40.4 38.8 39.3 65.5 60.0
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 6.9 8.8 3.8 6.2 -
Central Bank Rate (%, eop) 10.00 10.00 7.00 7.00 7.00
Exchange Rate (MMK per USD, eop) 1,541 1,473 1,331 1,773 2,095
Exchange Rate (MMK per USD, aop) 1,440 1,519 1,375 1,600 1,929
Current Account Balance (USD bn) -2.5 0.4 -1.6 -0.6 -
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) -3.7 0.5 -2.0 -0.9 -
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) -4.1 -2.8 -3.9 -1.2 -
Merchandise Exports (USD bn) 11.1 10.8 9.8 9.5 -
Merchandise Imports (USD bn) 15.2 13.6 13.7 10.7 -
Merchandise Exports (ann. var. %) 13.0 -2.5 -9.2 -3.4 -
Merchandise Imports (ann. var. %) -2.4 -10.2 0.5 -22.3 -
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.1 1.2
International Reserves (USD bn) 5.7 5.9 7.7 8.3 -
International Reserves (months of imports) 4.5 5.2 6.7 9.4 -
External Debt (USD bn) 10.7 11.2 13.4 13.8 12.5
External Debt (% of GDP) 15.8 14.9 17.0 20.8 20.1

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