Hungarian Parliament building

Hungría Economy

Hungary's economy in numbers:

Nominal GDP of USD 177 billion in 2022.

GDP per capita of USD 18,297 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 2.9% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Economic structure:

In 2021, services accounted for 70% of overall GDP, manufacturing 19%, other industrial activity 8%, and agriculture 3%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 48% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 20%, fixed investment 31%, and net exports 1%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade:

In 2021, manufactured products made up 86% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 3%, food 8%, ores and metals 2% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other categories accounting for 0% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 80% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 9%, food 6%, ores and metals 3% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other goods accounting for 1% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 131 billion in 2022, while total imports were USD 147 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Economic growth:

The economy recorded average annual growth of 2.9% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Hungary, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy:

Hungary's fiscal deficit averaged 3.6% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment:

The unemployment rate averaged 5.7% in the decade to 2022. For more information on Hungary's unemployment click here.

Inflation:

Inflation averaged 3.6% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Hungary inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy:

Hungary's monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 13.00%, up from 5.75% a decade earlier. See our Hungary monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate:

From end-2012 to end-2022 the forint weakened by 41.1% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the forint, click here.
GDP fell at a slower year-on-year pace in Q3 2023 amid falling inflation and sustained wage growth. It should have rebounded in Q4, according to our panel. Looking at available data, in October-November, retail sales fell less sharply than in Q3, underpinned by a further rise in real wages, while the contraction in industrial production softened. In other news, in January, the government announced that it had begun receiving the first tranches of EUR 10 billion in EU funds, which had previously been frozen, boding well for public spending ahead. Less positively, the forint slumped in the latter half of January after two government disputes—one with the EU over funding for Ukraine and another with the Central Bank on replacing the latter’s reference rate to reduce borrowing costs. That said, the forint subsequently recovered after the government relented on both issues.
Projections out to 2033.

54 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 39 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Hungary in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2033 on 54 economic indicators for Hungary from a panel of 39 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Hungary economy. To download a sample report on the Hungary's economy, click here . To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page .

Hungría Datos económicos

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Población (millones) 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.7
PIB (en millones de dólares) 160 164 157 182 178
PIB per cápita (USD) 16,413 16,777 16,095 18,674 18,306
PIB (en millones de euros) 136 146 138 154 169
PIB per cápita (EUR) 13,913 14,989 14,115 15,797 17,414
PIB (en miles de millones de HUF) 43,386 47,665 48,412 55,126 66,387
Crecimiento económico (PIB nominal, var. anual) 10.5 9.9 1.6 13.9 20.4
Crecimiento económico (PIB, var. anual) 5.4 4.9 -4.5 7.1 4.6
Demanda interna (% var. anual) 7.1 7.1 -2.6 6.2 3.9
Consumo total (var. anual) 4.2 5.2 -1.0 4.0 5.1
Consumo privado (% var. anual) 4.8 5.1 -1.3 5.0 6.6
Consumo público (var. anual) 4.2 9.4 3.9 3.1 -0.2
Inversión fija (% var. anual) 16.3 12.8 -7.1 5.2 2.2
Exportaciones (G&S, % var. anual) 5.0 5.4 -6.1 10.3 10.3
Importaciones (G&S, % var. anual) 7.0 8.2 -3.9 9.1 9.5
Producción industrial (% var. anual) 3.5 5.6 -6.0 9.6 5.7
Ventas al por menor (% var. anual) 6.8 6.3 0.2 3.6 5.7
Renta disponible (var. anual) 5.4 4.9 -0.4 8.3 -
Salarios (% var. anual) 11.1 11.5 9.8 8.7 17.6
Desempleo (% de la población activa, eop) 3.5 3.2 4.1 3.7 3.9
Desempleo (% de la población activa, aop) 3.6 3.4 4.0 4.1 3.6
Saldo fiscal (% del PIB) -2.1 -2.0 -7.5 -7.1 -
Deuda pública (% del PIB) 69.1 65.3 79.3 76.8 -
Dinero (var. anual de M2 %) 12.5 9.5 21.3 16.0 5.9
Inflación (IPC, % var. anual, eop) 2.7 4.0 2.7 7.4 24.5
Inflación (IPC, % var. anual, aop) 2.8 3.3 3.3 5.1 14.6
Inflación (IPCA, % var. anual, aop) 2.9 3.4 3.4 5.2 15.3
Inflación (subyacente, % var. anual, aop) 2.0 3.1 3.7 3.9 15.8
Inflación (IPP, % var. anual, aop) 5.47 2.13 4.23 13.55 33.69
Tipo básico del Banco Central (%, eop) 0.90 0.90 0.60 2.40 13.00
Tipo interbancario a 3 meses (%, eop) 0.13 0.16 0.75 4.21 16.18
Rendimiento de los bonos a 10 años (%, eop) 3.01 2.01 2.08 4.51 8.98
Bolsa (var. anual del índice BUX %) -0.6 17.7 -8.6 20.5 -13.7
Tipo de cambio (HUF por USD, eop) 279.99 295.31 297.01 324.68 373.38
Tipo de cambio (HUF por USD, aop) 270.34 290.70 307.87 303.36 372.82
Tipo de cambio (HUF por EUR, eop) 321.16 331.10 362.80 369.16 399.67
Tipo de cambio (HUF por EUR, aop) 318.77 325.32 351.22 358.53 391.04
Balanza por cuenta corriente (en millones de euros) 0.2 -1.1 -1.6 -6.4 -
Balanza por cuenta corriente (% del PIB) 0.2 -0.8 -1.1 -4.2 -
Balanza comercial de mercancías (en millones de euros) -2.3 -3.7 -1.3 -4.6 -
Exportaciones de mercancías (en millones de euros) 88.5 92.5 88.7 103.2 -
Importaciones de mercancías (en millones de euros) 90.8 96.2 90.0 107.8 -
Exportaciones de mercancías (% var. anual) 3.8 4.5 -4.2 16.4 -
Importaciones de mercancías (% var. anual) 8.7 5.9 -6.5 19.8 -
Inversión extranjera directa (en millones de euros) 11.3 11.6 11.0 12.0 -
Reservas internacionales (en millones de euros) 27.4 28.4 33.8 38.4 38.6
Reservas internacionales (meses de importaciones) 3.6 3.5 4.5 4.3 -
Deuda externa (en millones de euros) 108 107 112 130 -
Deuda externa (% del PIB) 79.2 73.0 80.9 84.6 -

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