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El consumo privado, también denominado consumo personal, gastos de consumo o gastos de consumo personal (PCE), mide el gasto de los consumidores en bienes y servicios. El consumo privado incluye todas las compras realizadas por los consumidores, como alimentación, vivienda (alquileres), energía, ropa, salud, ocio, educación, comunicación, transporte, así como servicios de hostelería y restauración. También incluye los bienes duraderos (como los coches), pero no las compras de viviendas por parte de los hogares, que se contabilizan como inversión de los hogares.
El gasto de los consumidores representa entre la mitad y dos tercios del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) en la mayoría de los países. Dado que el consumo privado representa la mayor parte del PIB, es el motor clave que impulsa el crecimiento económico.
Este gráfico muestra Consumo privado (% var. anual) para Oriente Medio y África del Norte, Asia del Sur, América Latina, Zona euro, Principales economías de 2010 a 2022.
Consumo privado (variación anual en %) Datos
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 3.1 | 3.3 | -3.5 | 4.4 | - |
| Alemania | 1.5 | 1.6 | -5.7 | 0.4 | 4.3 |
| Angola | -3.4 | -6.2 | -3.3 | 6.4 | - |
| Arabia Saudí | 2.5 | 6.5 | -8.1 | 9.4 | 4.8 |
| Argelia | 2.8 | 2.1 | -3.0 | 3.7 | - |
| Argentina | -2.2 | -6.1 | -13.7 | 10.0 | 9.4 |
| Armenia | 4.9 | 11.5 | -13.8 | 3.6 | 8.1 |
| Australia | 2.4 | 1.1 | -5.8 | 5.0 | 6.5 |
| Austria | 1.1 | 0.6 | -7.9 | 3.4 | 4.3 |
| Azerbaiyán | 18.3 | 8.3 | -7.0 | - | - |
| Bahrein | 1.4 | 0.5 | -4.4 | 18.9 | - |
| Bangladesh | 9.4 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 7.5 |
| Bélgica | 1.9 | 1.7 | -8.3 | 5.5 | 4.3 |
| Belice | -2.7 | -1.3 | -7.1 | - | - |
| Bielorrusia | 8.0 | 5.1 | -1.5 | 4.6 | - |
| Bolivia | 4.3 | 3.7 | -7.9 | 5.3 | - |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | 2.6 | 2.3 | -3.5 | 4.0 | - |
| Botswana | 5.4 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.4 | - |
| Brasil | 2.4 | 2.6 | -4.6 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Brunei | 2.8 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 21.9 | - |
| Bulgaria | 3.6 | 5.9 | -0.5 | 8.7 | 4.7 |
| Camboya | 6.6 | 6.1 | -4.3 | -5.3 | - |
| Camerún | 5.1 | 4.1 | 0.3 | 4.3 | - |
| Canadá | 2.6 | 1.5 | -6.3 | 5.1 | 4.8 |
| CdI | 9.1 | 4.6 | - | - | - |
| Chile | 3.8 | 0.7 | -7.4 | 20.8 | 2.9 |
| China | 8.3 | 6.4 | -2.5 | 13.3 | - |
| Chipre | 5.1 | 3.8 | -6.9 | 4.5 | 7.8 |
| Colombia | 3.2 | 4.1 | -4.9 | 14.5 | 9.5 |
| Corea | 3.2 | 2.1 | -4.8 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Costa Rica | 1.9 | 1.7 | -6.9 | 7.0 | 3.3 |
| Croacia | 3.3 | 4.0 | -5.1 | 9.9 | 5.2 |
| Cuba | 2.2 | -0.9 | -8.7 | -2.7 | - |
| Dinamarca | 3.5 | 1.6 | -1.4 | 4.1 | -2.5 |
| EAU | 6.1 | 10.0 | -12.5 | - | - |
| Ecuador | 2.1 | 0.3 | -8.2 | 10.2 | - |
| Egipto | 1.1 | 1.6 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 2.8 |
| El Salvador | 1.3 | 1.7 | -10.8 | 15.4 | - |
| Eslovaquia | 4.2 | 2.6 | -1.2 | 1.6 | 5.2 |
| Eslovenia | 3.5 | 5.3 | -7.0 | 9.4 | 9.1 |
| España | 1.8 | 0.9 | -12.4 | 6.0 | 4.4 |
| Estados Unidos | 2.9 | 2.0 | -3.0 | 8.3 | 2.8 |
| Estonia | 4.7 | 4.4 | -1.2 | 6.5 | 2.6 |
| Etiopía | 28.20 | 27.75 | 32.79 | - | - |
| Filipinas | 5.8 | 5.9 | -8.0 | 4.2 | 8.3 |
| Finlandia | 1.7 | 0.7 | -3.8 | 3.6 | 2.1 |
| Francia | 1.0 | 1.8 | -6.8 | 5.2 | 2.7 |
| Georgia | 5.8 | 7.2 | 8.8 | 14.5 | - |
| Ghana | 3.8 | 13.9 | -1.0 | 0.8 | - |
| Grecia | 1.7 | 1.6 | -7.5 | 6.1 | 7.9 |
| Guatemala | 3.5 | 4.7 | -1.4 | 8.9 | - |
| Haití | 4.1 | -1.0 | -4.0 | 1.2 | - |
| Honduras | 5.5 | 4.7 | -6.2 | 15.1 | - |
| Hong Kong | 5.3 | -0.8 | -10.6 | 5.6 | -1.0 |
| Hungría | 4.8 | 5.1 | -1.3 | 5.0 | 6.6 |
| India | 7.1 | 5.2 | -5.2 | 11.2 | - |
| Indonesia | 5.1 | 5.0 | -2.6 | 2.0 | 4.9 |
| Irán | -1.7 | -4.8 | 0.5 | 3.9 | - |
| Irlanda | 4.2 | 2.7 | -10.9 | 4.6 | 6.6 |
| Islandia | 4.8 | 1.7 | -3.4 | 7.0 | 8.6 |
| Israel | 3.5 | 4.1 | -7.9 | 11.1 | 7.8 |
| Italia | 1.0 | 0.2 | -10.4 | 4.7 | 4.6 |
| Jamaica | 1.0 | 1.0 | -13.2 | 3.0 | - |
| Japón | 0.2 | -0.6 | -4.7 | 0.4 | 2.1 |
| Jordania | 2.5 | -1.4 | 3.1 | 3.6 | - |
| Kazajstán | 6.1 | 6.1 | -3.7 | 5.1 | - |
| Kenia | 5.1 | 5.0 | -2.6 | 6.4 | - |
| Kirguistán | 8.7 | 3.5 | -8.7 | 26.7 | - |
| Kosovo | 4.4 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 7.6 | - |
| Kuwait | 4.0 | 2.3 | - | - | - |
| Letonia | 3.0 | 0.2 | -4.6 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Líbano | -2.5 | -1.1 | -15.3 | -2.8 | - |
| Lituania | 3.6 | 2.7 | -2.4 | 8.0 | 0.5 |
| Luxemburgo | 2.6 | 2.3 | -7.3 | 9.4 | 2.8 |
| Macedonia del Norte | 3.7 | 3.5 | -4.6 | 9.5 | 3.1 |
| Malasia | 8.0 | 7.7 | -4.2 | 1.9 | 11.3 |
| Malta | 10.1 | 3.9 | -10.9 | 8.2 | 10.3 |
| Marruecos | 2.5 | 2.2 | -5.6 | -8.2 | - |
| México | 2.6 | 0.4 | -10.3 | 7.6 | 6.1 |
| Mongolia | 11.7 | 5.8 | 2.1 | -5.9 | 7.7 |
| Montenegro | 4.6 | 3.1 | -4.6 | 4.0 | - |
| Mozambique | 4.9 | 3.1 | -1.9 | 6.5 | - |
| Myanmar | 5.3 | 0.4 | 2.0 | -25.0 | - |
| Nicaragua | -4.6 | -1.3 | -0.6 | 8.1 | - |
| Nigeria | 4.6 | -1.1 | -1.7 | 25.6 | - |
| Noruega | 1.4 | 1.0 | -6.2 | 4.4 | 6.8 |
| Nueva Zelanda | 4.6 | 3.2 | -2.2 | 7.9 | 2.8 |
| Omán | 0.9 | -3.8 | 9.6 | 6.8 | - |
| Países Bajos | 2.2 | 0.9 | -6.4 | 3.6 | 6.6 |
| Pakistán | 7.2 | 5.6 | -2.9 | 9.4 | 10.1 |
| Panamá | 2.3 | 2.3 | -14.6 | 9.2 | - |
| Paraguay | 4.3 | 1.8 | -3.6 | 6.1 | - |
| Perú | 3.8 | 3.2 | -9.9 | 12.4 | 3.6 |
| Polonia | 4.3 | 3.5 | -3.7 | 6.5 | 3.1 |
| Portugal | 2.7 | 3.4 | -7.1 | 4.7 | 5.8 |
| Puerto Rico | 1.5 | 6.9 | -11.1 | 19.0 | - |
| Qatar | 2.1 | 2.9 | -10.5 | - | - |
| Reino Unido | 2.5 | 1.1 | -13.2 | 6.2 | 5.4 |
| República Checa | 3.3 | 2.6 | -7.4 | 4.1 | -0.9 |
| República Democrática del Congo | 1.9 | 5.5 | -1.3 | 4.5 | - |
| República Dominicana | 5.7 | 4.6 | -3.4 | 6.6 | - |
| Ruanda | 9.1 | 2.4 | -0.1 | 8.8 | - |
| Rumanía | 9.3 | 3.2 | -3.7 | 8.2 | 5.6 |
| Rusia | 4.3 | 3.8 | -5.9 | 10.0 | -1.8 |
| Senegal | 4.7 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 6.0 | - |
| Serbia | 3.1 | 3.7 | -1.9 | 7.8 | 3.7 |
| Singapur | 4.1 | 2.8 | -13.1 | 6.6 | 9.7 |
| Sri Lanka | 4.7 | 3.8 | -5.8 | 6.2 | - |
| Sudáfrica | 2.7 | 1.2 | -5.9 | 5.6 | 2.6 |
| Sudán | -2.5 | -0.9 | -3.4 | - | - |
| Suecia | 1.8 | 0.7 | -3.2 | 6.3 | 2.1 |
| Suiza | 0.6 | 1.2 | -4.2 | 1.7 | 4.0 |
| Tailandia | 4.6 | 4.0 | -0.8 | 0.6 | 6.3 |
| Taiwán | 2.1 | 2.3 | -2.6 | -0.4 | 3.6 |
| Tanzania | 5.6 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 8.0 | - |
| Túnez | 2.6 | 2.4 | -5.1 | 3.0 | - |
| Turkmenistán | 1.7 | -5.2 | -2.0 | 4.6 | - |
| Turquía | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 15.3 | 19.7 |
| Ucrania | 9.3 | 10.9 | 1.7 | 7.7 | - |
| Uganda | 6.9 | 7.9 | -0.7 | 7.6 | - |
| Uruguay | 2.1 | 0.5 | -6.9 | 2.3 | - |
| Uzbekistán | 7.1 | 5.3 | 0.1 | 11.6 | - |
| Venezuela | -20.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Vietnam | 6.9 | 7.0 | 0.4 | 2.0 | - |
| Yemen | 3.12 | 8.37 | -10.53 | - | - |
| Zambia | -2.7 | -1.0 | - | - | - |
| Zimbabue | -11.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Zona euro | 1.5 | 1.4 | -7.8 | 3.7 | 4.3 |