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Un tipo de cambio entre dos monedas es el tipo al que una moneda puede cambiarse por otra. Es decir, el tipo de cambio es el precio de la moneda de un país en términos de otra moneda. Por ejemplo, si el tipo de cambio entre el dólar estadounidense (USD) y el yen japonés (JPY) es de 120 yenes por dólar, un dólar estadounidense puede cambiarse por 120 yenes en los mercados de divisas. Un tipo de cambio tiene dos elementos: una moneda base y una moneda de contrapartida. Dada la relevancia del dólar estadounidense como moneda de reserva, la mayoría de los tipos de cambio utilizan el dólar como moneda base y la moneda nacional como moneda de contrapartida. Algunas excepciones a esta regla son el euro y las monedas de la Commonwealth (libra esterlina, dólar australiano, dólar neozelandés), que utilizan la moneda nacional como moneda base.
Este gráfico muestra Tipo de cambio (LCU por USD, eop) para Oriente Medio y África del Norte, América Latina de 2010 a 2022.
Tipo de cambio (vs USD) Datos
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afganistán | 75 | 77 | 77 | 103 | 89 |
| Albania | 108 | 109 | 101 | 106 | 107 |
| Angola | 307.7 | 479.0 | 654.6 | 563.4 | 506.5 |
| Arabia Saudí | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Argelia | 118.3 | 119.1 | 132.1 | 138.8 | 137.4 |
| Argentina | 37.66 | 59.87 | 84.07 | 102.69 | 177.11 |
| Armenia | 485 | 478 | 519 | 485 | 395 |
| Aruba | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Australia | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 0.68 |
| Austria | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Azerbaiyán | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 |
| Bahamas, Las | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Bahrein | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
| Bangladesh | 83.6 | 84.9 | 84.6 | 85.7 | 103.1 |
| Barbados | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Bélgica | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Belice | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Benín | 576 | 590 | 539 | 580 | 619 |
| Bhután | 70 | 71 | 73 | 74 | 83 |
| Bielorrusia | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
| Bolivia | 6.93 | 6.91 | 6.89 | 6.91 | 6.93 |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | 1.71 | 1.74 | 1.60 | 1.72 | 1.83 |
| Botswana | 10.73 | 10.58 | 10.80 | 11.76 | 12.75 |
| Brasil | 3.88 | 4.02 | 5.19 | 5.57 | 5.28 |
| Brunei | 1.36 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.34 |
| Bulgaria | 1.71 | 1.74 | 1.60 | 1.72 | 1.83 |
| Burkina Faso | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Burundi | 1,761 | 1,874 | 1,942 | 2,005 | 2,062 |
| Cabo Verde | 96 | 99 | 90 | 97 | 104 |
| Camboya | 3,992 | 4,055 | 4,035 | 4,064 | 4,108 |
| Camerún | 574 | 584 | 536 | 577 | 615 |
| Canadá | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| CdI | 573.82 | 584.37 | 536.11 | 576.82 | 614.62 |
| Chad | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Chile | 694 | 752 | 711 | 852 | 852 |
| China | 6.88 | 6.96 | 6.53 | 6.36 | 6.90 |
| Colombia | 3,248 | 3,287 | 3,422 | 4,070 | 4,848 |
| Comoras | 431 | 438 | 401 | 434 | 461 |
| Congo | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Corea | 1,115.8 | 1,156.5 | 1,086.3 | 1,188.8 | 1,264.5 |
| Costa Rica | 605 | 571 | 610 | 642 | 592 |
| Croacia | 6.48 | 6.63 | 6.17 | 6.61 | 7.06 |
| Cuba | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 |
| Dinamarca | 6.53 | 6.66 | 6.08 | 6.54 | 6.97 |
| Dominica | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| EAU | 3.67 | 3.67 | 3.67 | 3.67 | 3.67 |
| Ecuador | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Egipto | 17.9 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 24.8 |
| El Salvador | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Eritrea | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Eslovaquia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Estados Unidos | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Estonia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Etiopía | 28.2 | 32.0 | 39.4 | 49.5 | 53.6 |
| Fiji | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Filipinas | 52.59 | 50.65 | 48.02 | 50.99 | 55.73 |
| Gabón | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Gambia | 49 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 62 |
| Georgia | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.7 |
| Ghana | 4.86 | 5.70 | 5.87 | 6.18 | 10.20 |
| Grecia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Grenada | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Guatemala | 7.73 | 7.71 | 7.80 | 7.72 | 7.85 |
| Guinea | 9,177 | 9,450 | 10,040 | 9,243 | 8,610 |
| Guinea Ecuatorial | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Guyana | 210 | 210 | 210 | 210 | 209 |
| Haití | 77.1 | 95.1 | 72.3 | 98.9 | 148.0 |
| Honduras | 24.3 | 24.6 | 24.1 | 24.3 | 24.6 |
| Hong Kong | 7.83 | 7.79 | 7.75 | 7.80 | 7.80 |
| Hungría | 279.99 | 295.31 | 297.01 | 324.68 | 373.38 |
| India | 69.2 | 75.3 | 73.1 | 75.9 | - |
| Indonesia | 14,380.00 | 13,882.50 | 14,050.00 | 14,252.50 | 15,567.50 |
| Irán | 42,000.0 | 42,000.0 | 42,000.0 | 42,000.0 | 42,002.5 |
| Iraq | 1,193 | 1,194 | 1,460 | 1,460 | 1,461 |
| Islandia | 116 | 121 | 128 | 130 | 142 |
| Islas Marshall | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Islas Salomón | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | - |
| Israel | 3.74 | 3.45 | 3.21 | 3.11 | 3.53 |
| Italia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Jamaica | 127 | 133 | 142 | 154 | 152 |
| Japón | 109.7 | 108.7 | 103.2 | 115.2 | 131.9 |
| Jordania | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
| Kazajstán | 381.0 | 382.9 | 421.1 | 434.8 | 462.7 |
| Kenia | 101.9 | 101.4 | 109.2 | 113.2 | 123.4 |
| Kirguistán | 69.9 | 69.7 | 83.5 | 84.8 | 85.7 |
| Kiribati | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kosovo | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Kuwait | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Laos | 8,556.00 | 8,885.00 | 9,300.00 | 11,194.10 | 17,345.00 |
| Lesotho | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| Letonia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Líbano | 1,507 | 1,513 | 1,514 | 1,511 | 1,519 |
| Liberia | 157 | 187 | 163 | 145 | 155 |
| Libia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 |
| Lituania | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Luxemburgo | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Macao | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Macedonia del Norte | 53.80 | 54.86 | 50.32 | 54.41 | 57.71 |
| Madagascar | 3,470 | 3,627 | 3,825 | 3,957 | 4,462 |
| Malasia | 4.13 | 4.09 | 4.02 | 4.17 | 4.41 |
| Malawi | 730 | 737 | 771 | 814 | 1,027 |
| Maldivas | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Mali | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Malta | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Marruecos | 9.6 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 10.5 |
| Mauricio | 34 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 44 |
| Mauritania | 358 | 374 | 359 | 364 | 368 |
| México | 19.69 | 18.88 | 19.93 | 20.47 | 19.49 |
| Micronesia, Estados Federados de | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Moldavia | 17.0 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.8 | 19.1 |
| Mongolia | 2,640.0 | 2,735.0 | 2,847.5 | 2,860.0 | 3,444.0 |
| Montenegro | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.94 |
| Mozambique | 61.6 | 62.4 | 74.6 | 64.1 | 64.1 |
| Myanmar | 1,545 | 1,476 | 1,328 | 1,778 | 2,100 |
| Namibia | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| Nauru | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nepal | 112 | 114 | 117 | 118 | 132 |
| Nicaragua | 32.3 | 33.8 | 34.8 | 35.4 | 36.5 |
| Níger | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Nigeria | 308 | 307 | 381 | 412 | 448 |
| Noruega | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 9.9 |
| Nueva Zelanda | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Omán | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Países Bajos | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Pakistán | 138.8 | 154.9 | 159.8 | 176.5 | 226.4 |
| Palau | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Panamá | - | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Papúa Nueva Guinea | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Paraguay | 5,961.0 | 6,453.1 | 6,907.0 | 6,877.0 | 7,331.3 |
| Perú | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.8 |
| Polonia | 3.76 | 3.79 | 3.73 | 4.03 | 4.39 |
| Puerto Rico | - | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Qatar | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.64 |
| Reino Unido | 1.27 | 1.32 | 1.37 | 1.35 | 1.20 |
| República Árabe Siria | 515 | 437 | 1,257 | 2,512 | 2,513 |
| República Centroafricana | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| República Checa | 22.51 | 22.64 | 21.46 | 21.85 | 22.63 |
| República Democrática del Congo | 1,643 | 1,687 | 1,972 | 2,000 | 2,056 |
| República Dominicana | 50.3 | 53.0 | 58.2 | 57.5 | 56.3 |
| Ruanda | 879 | 921 | 978 | 1,008 | 1,069 |
| Rumanía | 4.07 | 4.26 | 3.97 | 4.37 | 4.63 |
| Rusia | 69.4 | 62.1 | 74.0 | 75.0 | 73.0 |
| Samoa | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| San Cristóbal y Nieves | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| San Marino | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| San Vicente y las Granadinas | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Santa Lucía | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 21 | 22 | 20 | 22 | 23 |
| Senegal | 572.72 | 585.25 | 534.00 | 580.00 | 617.00 |
| Serbia | 103.49 | 104.75 | 96.08 | 103.39 | 109.93 |
| Seychelles | 14 | 14 | 21 | 15 | 14 |
| Sierra Leona | 8,396 | 9,717 | 10,133 | 11,256 | 18,835 |
| Singapur | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Somalia | 580 | 581 | 578 | 584 | 570 |
| Sri Lanka | 182.9 | 181.4 | 185.3 | 202.8 | 367.5 |
| Suazilandia | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| Sudáfrica | 14.39 | 13.98 | 14.69 | 15.96 | 17.02 |
| Sudán | 47.6 | 45.1 | 55.1 | 436.4 | 565.2 |
| Sudán del Sur | 154 | 161 | 177 | 432 | - |
| Suecia | 8.9 | 9.4 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.4 |
| Suiza | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.93 |
| Surinam | 7 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 32 |
| Tailandia | 32.6 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 33.4 | 34.6 |
| Taiwán | 30.7 | 30.0 | 28.1 | 27.7 | 30.7 |
| Tanzania | 2,300 | 2,298 | 2,319 | 2,306 | 2,332 |
| Tayikistán | 9.43 | 9.69 | 11.30 | 11.30 | 10.20 |
| Togo | 573 | 584 | 535 | 579 | 615 |
| Tonga | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Trinidad y Tobago | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| Túnez | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Turkmenistán | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Turquía | 5.32 | 5.95 | 7.43 | 13.28 | 18.72 |
| Tuvalu | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ucrania | 27.71 | 23.70 | 28.34 | 27.28 | 36.92 |
| Uganda | 3,715 | 3,670 | 3,653 | 3,545 | 3,720 |
| Uruguay | 32.42 | 37.33 | 42.36 | 44.72 | 39.98 |
| Uzbekistán | 8,339.5 | 9,516.4 | 10,476.9 | 10,837.7 | 11,225.5 |
| Vanuatu | 113 | 116 | 108 | 112 | 117 |
| Venezuela | 638.2 | 46,620.8 | 1,107,199.0 | 4.6 | 17.5 |
| Vietnam | 23,195 | 23,173 | 23,083 | 22,790 | 23,575 |
| Yemen | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 |
| Yibuti | 178 | 178 | 178 | 178 | 178 |
| Zambia | 11.94 | 14.09 | 21.17 | 16.67 | 18.08 |
| Zimbabue | 322.4 | 16.8 | 81.8 | 108.7 | 671.4 |