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La cuenta corriente es uno de los dos componentes de la balanza de pagos de un país, el otro es la cuenta de capital. Se compone de la balanza comercial (la diferencia entre el valor total de las exportaciones de bienes y servicios y el valor total de las importaciones de bienes y servicios), la renta neta de los factores (la diferencia entre el rendimiento de las inversiones generadas por los ciudadanos en el extranjero y los pagos realizados a los inversores extranjeros en el país) y las transferencias netas de efectivo, donde todos estos elementos se miden en la moneda nacional.
Cuando la balanza por cuenta corriente de un país es positiva (también conocido como superávit), el país es un prestamista neto del resto del mundo. Cuando la balanza por cuenta corriente de un país es negativa (también conocida como deficitaria), el país es un prestatario neto del resto del mundo. La relación entre la balanza por cuenta corriente y el Producto Interior Bruto (o % del PIB) proporciona una indicación del nivel de competitividad internacional del país.
Este gráfico muestra Balanza por cuenta corriente (% del PIB) para Oriente Medio y África del Norte, Asia del Sur, América Latina, Zona euro, Principales economías de 2010 a 2022.
Cuenta corriente (% del PIB) Datos
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afganistán | -21.2 | -20.0 | -15.6 | - | - |
| Albania | -6.8 | -7.9 | -8.7 | -7.6 | - |
| Alemania | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 3.8 |
| Andorra | - | 18.0 | 14.6 | - | - |
| Angola | 7.3 | 6.1 | 1.5 | 11.6 | - |
| Arabia Saudí | 8.5 | 4.6 | -3.1 | 5.1 | - |
| Argelia | -9.6 | -9.9 | -12.9 | -2.8 | - |
| Argentina | -5.2 | -0.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 | - |
| Armenia | -7.4 | -7.3 | -3.8 | -3.7 | - |
| Aruba | -0.5 | 2.5 | -12.6 | - | - |
| Australia | -2.2 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 1.2 |
| Austria | 0.9 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 0.4 | - |
| Azerbaiyán | 12.9 | 9.1 | -0.5 | 15.2 | - |
| Bahamas, Las | -11.7 | -2.7 | -24.4 | -22.7 | - |
| Bahrein | -6.4 | -2.1 | -9.3 | 6.7 | - |
| Bangladesh | -2.4 | -0.9 | 0.0 | -3.7 | -3.0 |
| Barbados | -4.4 | -2.8 | -5.9 | -10.9 | -11.2 |
| Bélgica | -0.9 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.4 | - |
| Belice | -8.4 | -9.5 | -8.1 | - | - |
| Benín | -4.4 | -4.0 | -1.9 | -4.1 | - |
| Bielorrusia | 0.0 | -1.9 | -0.3 | 3.2 | - |
| Bolivia | -4.3 | -3.3 | -0.1 | 2.1 | - |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | -3.1 | -2.5 | -3.2 | -2.3 | - |
| Botswana | 0.4 | -6.9 | -8.6 | -0.5 | - |
| Brasil | -2.9 | -3.6 | -1.9 | -2.8 | -2.9 |
| Brunei | 6.9 | 6.6 | 4.3 | 11.2 | - |
| Bulgaria | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.0 | -1.9 | -0.7 |
| Burkina Faso | -4.2 | -3.3 | 4.3 | - | - |
| Burundi | -10.3 | -10.3 | - | - | - |
| Cabo Verde | -5.1 | 0.1 | -16.8 | - | - |
| Camboya | -11.8 | -15.0 | -8.5 | -45.7 | - |
| Camerún | -3.5 | -4.3 | -3.7 | -4.0 | - |
| Canadá | -2.4 | -2.0 | -2.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 |
| CdI | -3.6 | -2.3 | -3.2 | -3.9 | - |
| Chile | -4.5 | -5.2 | -1.9 | -7.3 | -9.0 |
| China | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.3 |
| Chipre | -4.0 | -5.6 | -10.1 | -6.8 | - |
| Cisjordania y Gaza | -13.2 | -10.4 | -12.3 | -9.8 | - |
| Colombia | -4.2 | -4.6 | -3.5 | -5.6 | -6.2 |
| Comoras | -2.9 | -3.8 | - | - | - |
| Congo | -3.5 | -3.2 | -2.4 | - | - |
| Corea | 4.5 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 1.8 |
| Costa Rica | -3.0 | -1.3 | -1.0 | -2.5 | - |
| Croacia | 2.2 | 3.5 | -0.4 | 2.4 | - |
| Cuba | 1.2 | 1.8 | - | - | - |
| Dinamarca | 7.3 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 8.2 | - |
| Dominica | -43.6 | -34.3 | -29.4 | - | - |
| EAU | 9.5 | 8.9 | 6.0 | 11.6 | - |
| Ecuador | -1.2 | -0.1 | 2.7 | 2.8 | - |
| Egipto | -2.3 | -3.4 | -2.9 | -4.4 | -3.5 |
| El Salvador | -3.3 | -0.4 | 0.8 | -5.1 | - |
| Eritrea | 15.7 | 13.1 | 14.6 | 13.5 | - |
| Eslovaquia | -2.2 | -3.3 | 0.6 | -2.5 | -8.2 |
| Eslovenia | 6.0 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 3.8 | -0.4 |
| España | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
| Estados Unidos | -2.1 | -2.1 | -2.9 | -3.6 | - |
| Estonia | 0.9 | 2.4 | -1.0 | -1.8 | -2.2 |
| Etiopía | -5.3 | -5.4 | -2.7 | - | - |
| Fiji | -8.4 | -12.6 | -12.7 | -13.7 | - |
| Filipinas | -2.6 | -0.8 | 3.2 | -1.5 | -4.4 |
| Finlandia | -1.8 | -0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | -3.9 |
| Francia | -0.8 | 0.5 | -1.8 | 0.4 | -2.1 |
| Gabón | -5.3 | -5.4 | - | - | - |
| Gambia | -9.4 | -6.1 | -2.9 | - | - |
| Georgia | -6.8 | -5.9 | -12.5 | -10.4 | - |
| Ghana | -3.1 | -2.8 | -3.1 | -3.3 | - |
| Grecia | -2.9 | -1.5 | -6.6 | -6.8 | -9.7 |
| Grenada | -16.1 | -14.6 | -21.0 | -26.2 | - |
| Guatemala | 0.9 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 2.5 | - |
| Guinea | -19.5 | -11.9 | -14.3 | - | - |
| Guyana | -29.2 | -53.7 | -16.5 | -26.1 | - |
| Haití | -3.0 | -1.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | - |
| Honduras | -6.6 | -2.6 | 2.8 | -4.3 | - |
| Hong Kong | 3.7 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 11.8 | 10.7 |
| Hungría | 0.2 | -0.8 | -1.1 | -4.2 | - |
| India | -2.1 | -0.9 | 0.9 | -1.2 | - |
| Indonesia | -2.9 | -2.7 | -0.4 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| Irán | 5.1 | -0.3 | -0.1 | 0.7 | - |
| Iraq | 16.4 | 6.8 | -3.5 | 11.9 | - |
| Irlanda | 4.9 | -19.8 | -6.8 | 14.2 | 8.8 |
| Islandia | 4.3 | 6.5 | 0.9 | -2.4 | -1.5 |
| Islas Marshall | 4.1 | -25.8 | 16.0 | 3.1 | - |
| Islas Salomón | -3.0 | -9.5 | -1.6 | - | - |
| Israel | 3.0 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 3.8 |
| Italia | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.0 | -0.7 |
| Jamaica | -1.5 | -2.2 | -0.4 | 0.7 | - |
| Japón | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 2.1 |
| Jordania | -6.8 | -1.7 | -5.7 | -8.8 | - |
| Kazajstán | -0.1 | -4.0 | -3.8 | -2.9 | 2.9 |
| Kenia | -4.7 | -5.5 | -4.6 | -5.5 | - |
| Kirguistán | -12.1 | -12.1 | 4.8 | -8.5 | - |
| Kiribati | 39.0 | 48.8 | 39.2 | - | - |
| Kosovo | -7.6 | -5.7 | -7.0 | -8.7 | - |
| Kuwait | 18.6 | 24.0 | 20.9 | - | - |
| Laos | -9.1 | -7.0 | -1.2 | 2.4 | - |
| Lesotho | -2.3 | -3.6 | -2.2 | - | - |
| Letonia | -0.1 | -0.6 | 2.6 | -4.2 | -6.4 |
| Líbano | -24.3 | -21.3 | -8.8 | -14.7 | - |
| Libia | 14.7 | 6.0 | - | - | - |
| Lituania | 0.3 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 1.1 | - |
| Luxemburgo | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 5.0 |
| Macao | 33.0 | 34.0 | 11.7 | - | - |
| Macedonia del Norte | 0.1 | -3.0 | -3.0 | -3.0 | -6.2 |
| Madagascar | 0.7 | -2.3 | -5.5 | - | - |
| Malasia | 2.2 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 2.6 |
| Malawi | -17.1 | -14.9 | -11.9 | - | - |
| Maldivas | -28.8 | -26.9 | -30.3 | - | - |
| Mali | -4.9 | -7.5 | -2.2 | -10.0 | - |
| Malta | 6.4 | 4.9 | -2.8 | -0.3 | -2.4 |
| Marruecos | -5.3 | -3.7 | -1.2 | -2.3 | - |
| Mauricio | -3.8 | -5.0 | -8.8 | -13.3 | - |
| Mauritania | -13.0 | -10.3 | -6.9 | -9.4 | - |
| México | -2.1 | -0.4 | 2.1 | -0.6 | -0.9 |
| Micronesia, Estados Federados de | 21.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Moldavia | -10.7 | -9.2 | -7.7 | -12.4 | - |
| Mongolia | -16.7 | -15.2 | -5.1 | -13.8 | -15.8 |
| Montenegro | -14.4 | -12.8 | -22.9 | -7.8 | -12.7 |
| Mozambique | -29.9 | -19.1 | -27.3 | -22.9 | - |
| Myanmar | -3.8 | 0.6 | -2.0 | -1.0 | - |
| Namibia | -3.5 | -1.7 | 2.6 | -9.1 | - |
| Nauru | 9.3 | - | - | - | - |
| Nepal | -7.4 | -6.9 | -1.0 | -8.1 | - |
| Nicaragua | -1.8 | 6.0 | 3.9 | -2.9 | - |
| Níger | -12.7 | -12.2 | -13.4 | - | - |
| Nigeria | 1.7 | -2.9 | -3.7 | -0.4 | - |
| Noruega | 9.0 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 13.6 | 30.4 |
| Nueva Zelanda | -4.2 | -2.9 | -1.0 | -6.0 | -8.9 |
| Omán | -4.4 | -4.6 | -16.2 | -4.9 | - |
| Países Bajos | 9.3 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 7.2 | - |
| Pakistán | -5.4 | -4.2 | -1.5 | -0.8 | -4.6 |
| Palau | -19.3 | -35.0 | -40.7 | -28.8 | - |
| Panamá | -8.1 | -6.0 | -0.3 | -3.2 | - |
| Papúa Nueva Guinea | 24.4 | 22.0 | 20.9 | - | - |
| Paraguay | -0.2 | -0.5 | 2.7 | 0.7 | - |
| Perú | -1.3 | -0.7 | 1.2 | -2.3 | -4.4 |
| Polonia | -1.9 | -0.2 | 2.4 | -1.4 | -3.1 |
| Portugal | 0.6 | 0.4 | -1.0 | -0.8 | -1.3 |
| Puerto Rico | -4.5 | -4.6 | 2.9 | 3.5 | - |
| Qatar | 9.1 | 2.4 | -2.5 | 14.6 | - |
| Reino Unido | -4.1 | -2.8 | -3.2 | -1.5 | - |
| República Centroafricana | -8.1 | -5.0 | -8.0 | - | - |
| República Checa | 0.4 | 0.3 | 2.0 | -2.8 | -6.1 |
| República Democrática del Congo | -3.5 | -3.1 | -2.2 | - | - |
| República Dominicana | -1.5 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -2.8 | - |
| Ruanda | -10.1 | -11.9 | -12.1 | -10.9 | - |
| Rumanía | -4.6 | -4.9 | -4.9 | -7.2 | -9.3 |
| Rusia | 7.0 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 6.9 | - |
| Samoa | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.1 | -14.5 | - |
| San Cristóbal y Nieves | -5.5 | -2.1 | -8.0 | - | - |
| San Vicente y las Granadinas | -11.1 | -3.4 | -16.7 | -24.0 | - |
| Santa Lucía | 1.4 | 5.7 | -15.7 | - | - |
| Santo Tomé y Príncipe | -19.3 | -21.1 | -11.8 | - | - |
| Senegal | -9.6 | -8.1 | -10.9 | -12.0 | - |
| Serbia | -4.9 | -6.9 | -4.1 | -4.2 | -7.0 |
| Seychelles | -2.6 | -3.2 | -14.5 | -11.6 | - |
| Sierra Leona | -18.7 | -22.5 | - | - | - |
| Singapur | 15.7 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 18.0 | 19.3 |
| Somalia | -3.6 | -6.0 | -6.3 | -10.0 | - |
| Sri Lanka | -3.0 | -2.1 | -1.4 | -3.8 | - |
| Suazilandia | 1.5 | 3.7 | 6.0 | 2.7 | - |
| Sudáfrica | -2.9 | -2.6 | 2.0 | 3.7 | - |
| Sudán | -8.1 | -11.2 | -6.7 | - | - |
| Sudán del Sur | 7.3 | - | - | - | - |
| Suecia | 2.5 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 4.3 |
| Suiza | 5.6 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 8.8 | 10.1 |
| Surinam | -3.0 | -10.5 | 6.2 | - | - |
| Tailandia | 5.6 | 7.0 | 4.2 | -2.1 | -3.4 |
| Taiwán | 11.6 | 10.8 | 14.3 | 15.0 | 13.3 |
| Tanzania | -4.1 | -2.2 | -2.2 | -3.5 | - |
| Tayikistán | -4.9 | -2.2 | 4.1 | 8.4 | - |
| Timor-Leste | -12.2 | 6.6 | -14.3 | 1.2 | - |
| Togo | -2.6 | -0.8 | -0.3 | - | - |
| Tonga | -6.6 | -0.9 | -5.4 | - | - |
| Trinidad y Tobago | 6.7 | 4.3 | -6.4 | 11.9 | - |
| Túnez | -10.4 | -8.1 | -6.0 | -6.0 | - |
| Turkmenistán | 4.9 | 2.8 | -3.3 | 0.6 | - |
| Turquía | -2.6 | 1.4 | -4.4 | -0.9 | -5.4 |
| Tuvalu | 54.4 | -16.6 | - | - | - |
| Ucrania | -4.9 | -2.7 | 3.4 | -1.9 | - |
| Uganda | -6.1 | -6.6 | -9.3 | -8.3 | - |
| Uruguay | -0.5 | 1.5 | -0.9 | -2.7 | - |
| Uzbekistán | -6.8 | -5.6 | -5.0 | -6.9 | - |
| Vanuatu | 12.2 | 13.4 | 3.0 | - | - |
| Venezuela | 8.8 | - | - | - | - |
| Vietnam | 2.5 | 5.0 | 5.6 | -1.0 | - |
| Yemen | -1.2 | -3.3 | -4.0 | -10.2 | - |
| Yibuti | 14.2 | 16.9 | - | - | - |
| Zambia | -1.3 | 0.7 | 13.0 | 12.1 | - |
| Zimbabue | -4.0 | 4.2 | 5.1 | - | - |
| Zona euro | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 2.3 | -0.7 |