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La deuda externa en porcentaje del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) es la relación entre la deuda de un país con acreedores no residentes y su PIB nominal. La deuda externa es la parte de la deuda total de un país que se tomó prestada de prestamistas extranjeros, incluidos bancos comerciales, gobiernos o instituciones financieras internacionales. Los deudores pueden ser particulares, empresas o el gobierno. La deuda externa comprende el importe pendiente de aquellos pasivos reales corrientes y no contingentes adeudados a no residentes por residentes del país, que requieren que el deudor pague el principal y/o los intereses en algún momento(s) en el futuro. La deuda externa también se denomina deuda exterior.
Este gráfico muestra Deuda exterior (% del PIB) para Oriente Medio y África del Norte, Asia del Sur, América Latina de 2010 a 2023.
Deuda exterior (% del PIB) Datos
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afganistán | 29.3 | 23.6 | 17.9 | 18.3 | - |
| Albania | 57.3 | 55.1 | 47.1 | 38.9 | - |
| Alemania | 168 | 153 | 146 | 148 | - |
| Angola | 77.3 | 42.4 | 50.5 | 50.2 | 55.3 |
| Antigua y Barbuda | 48.8 | 42.8 | - | - | - |
| Arabia Saudí | 10.3 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 10.1 | - |
| Argelia | 4.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.8 |
| Argentina | 54.9 | 43.6 | 43.6 | 43.4 | 43.8 |
| Armenia | 99.8 | 78.1 | 63.2 | 62.9 | 63.4 |
| Australia | 102.6 | 91.0 | 89.1 | 97.9 | 96.3 |
| Austria | 164.67 | 150.56 | 151.61 | 154.51 | - |
| Azerbaiyán | 28.7 | 19.4 | 20.1 | 24.2 | 24.6 |
| Bahamas, Las | 36.2 | 34.9 | 33.0 | 32.6 | - |
| Bangladesh | 22.0 | 21.1 | 23.3 | 23.2 | 25.2 |
| Belice | 60.2 | 52.1 | 50.1 | 49.0 | 47.4 |
| Benín | 33.0 | 34.7 | 37.2 | 41.5 | - |
| Bhután | 125.1 | 114.9 | 113.2 | - | - |
| Bielorrusia | 60.2 | 58.1 | 45.8 | 44.9 | 46.1 |
| Bolivia | 33.4 | 31.2 | 31.2 | 28.7 | 35.2 |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | 57.0 | 54.6 | 49.8 | - | - |
| Botswana | 10.7 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 14.0 |
| Brasil | 19.5 | 16.4 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 16.6 |
| Bulgaria | 57.8 | 51.3 | 48.4 | 48.2 | 49.7 |
| Burkina Faso | 28.8 | 26.1 | 27.1 | 25.0 | - |
| Burundi | 29.1 | 24.1 | 24.2 | 21.2 | - |
| Cabo Verde | 120.0 | 106.8 | 98.6 | 86.7 | - |
| Camboya | 54.5 | 56.2 | 53.2 | 45.3 | 42.4 |
| Camerún | 34.2 | 34.1 | 31.6 | 29.6 | 33.2 |
| CdI | 40.9 | 44.9 | 45.9 | 47.0 | 44.5 |
| Chad | 21.1 | 18.2 | 17.1 | 19.8 | - |
| Chile | 74.8 | 76.9 | 72.7 | 74.2 | 74.5 |
| China | 15.1 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 12.9 | 13.6 |
| Chipre | 1,002.35 | 868.30 | 744.74 | 674.18 | - |
| Cisjordania y Gaza | 10.9 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 10.7 | - |
| Colombia | 53.8 | 53.2 | 53.5 | 47.9 | 48.9 |
| Comoras | 27.7 | 29.7 | 28.8 | 26.8 | - |
| Congo | 60.9 | 57.9 | 56.3 | - | - |
| Corea | 32.5 | 37.4 | 36.7 | 35.9 | 35.9 |
| Costa Rica | 48.9 | 49.2 | 43.0 | 40.8 | 42.8 |
| Croacia | 78.0 | 74.9 | 78.6 | 63.6 | - |
| Cuba | 109.61 | 102.66 | 71.21 | - | - |
| Dinamarca | 932 | 878 | 918 | 981 | - |
| Dominica | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.3 | - |
| Ecuador | 52.5 | 49.7 | 50.0 | 48.7 | 45.0 |
| Egipto | 32.6 | 32.8 | 41.8 | 39.9 | 44.2 |
| El Salvador | 70.0 | 66.5 | 67.5 | 70.6 | 68.8 |
| Eritrea | 34.9 | 30.5 | 31.9 | - | - |
| Eslovaquia | 132.0 | 105.6 | 98.1 | 101.4 | - |
| Eslovenia | 97.9 | 91.1 | 90.5 | 87.9 | 89.3 |
| Estados Unidos | 98.3 | 94.6 | 94.0 | 94.6 | - |
| Estonia | 83.3 | 83.1 | 85.7 | 94.2 | - |
| Etiopía | 25.7 | 20.8 | 25.7 | 35.1 | - |
| Fiji | 32.3 | 30.9 | 29.9 | - | - |
| Filipinas | 27.0 | 28.6 | 28.7 | 29.8 | 27.1 |
| Finlandia | 210 | 216 | 217 | 204 | - |
| Gabón | 39.6 | 37.4 | 35.5 | 29.7 | - |
| Gambia | 54.3 | 54.0 | 58.8 | 70.8 | - |
| Georgia | 116.5 | 93.1 | 78.3 | 73.6 | 68.8 |
| Ghana | 59.7 | 64.2 | 54.7 | 46.3 | 39.4 |
| Grecia | 295 | 275 | 258 | 233 | - |
| Grenada | 67.1 | 57.2 | 54.4 | - | - |
| Guatemala | 29.9 | 25.5 | 23.7 | 23.4 | 23.3 |
| Guinea | 26.9 | 24.8 | 23.2 | 21.4 | - |
| Guinea-Bissau | 66.0 | 67.3 | 66.9 | 64.6 | - |
| Guyana | 24.8 | 14.3 | 17.4 | 16.0 | - |
| Haití | 14.5 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 3.6 | 8.7 |
| Honduras | 44.5 | 40.2 | 37.7 | 38.6 | 37.0 |
| Hong Kong | 509 | 495 | 484 | 460 | 485 |
| Hungría | 86.3 | 92.2 | 86.1 | 85.4 | - |
| India | 19.5 | 19.2 | 19.1 | 19.6 | 18.6 |
| Indonesia | 34.7 | 29.9 | 29.7 | 30.4 | 29.8 |
| Irán | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
| Islandia | 85.2 | 78.2 | 73.8 | 71.9 | 75.3 |
| Islas Marshall | 15.7 | 14.7 | 13.0 | 10.7 | - |
| Islas Salomón | 29.4 | 30.4 | 32.1 | - | - |
| Israel | 32.7 | 29.6 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 25.2 |
| Italia | 130 | 127 | 121 | 115 | - |
| Jamaica | 100.4 | 84.0 | 71.9 | 67.4 | 71.4 |
| Japón | 88.1 | 99.2 | 103.2 | 104.1 | 104.5 |
| Jordania | 90.1 | 84.5 | 87.3 | 90.1 | 92.1 |
| Kazajstán | 84.3 | 71.7 | 62.6 | 57.1 | 56.0 |
| Kenia | 37.6 | 36.3 | 40.0 | 35.7 | 35.6 |
| Kirguistán | 100.0 | 80.3 | 68.3 | 68.2 | 64.5 |
| Kosovo | 37.1 | 38.6 | 39.6 | 40.7 | - |
| Laos | 99.4 | 119.6 | 114.0 | 108.1 | 106.8 |
| Lesotho | 74.8 | 76.2 | 79.1 | 73.5 | - |
| Letonia | 114 | 109 | 101 | 98 | 99 |
| Líbano | 289 | 320 | 330 | 270 | 234 |
| Liberia | 8,739.1 | 7,382.7 | 8,378.6 | 8,960.8 | - |
| Lituania | 77.4 | 67.1 | 68.7 | 77.4 | - |
| Luxemburgo | 50.1 | 47.7 | 43.5 | 41.5 | - |
| Macedonia del Norte | 77.4 | 82.6 | 79.0 | 75.0 | - |
| Madagascar | 37.5 | 39.1 | 40.8 | 39.1 | - |
| Malasia | 69.8 | 63.8 | 69.3 | 69.9 | 68.9 |
| Malawi | 25.6 | 26.6 | 26.5 | 31.7 | - |
| Maldivas | 79.3 | 65.6 | 60.6 | 66.5 | - |
| Mali | 27.8 | 27.7 | 26.1 | 24.0 | - |
| Malta | 961 | 918 | 846 | 836 | - |
| Marruecos | 47.3 | 50.8 | 46.6 | 45.5 | 43.9 |
| Mauricio | 128.1 | 136.9 | 135.2 | 135.7 | - |
| Mauritania | 52.1 | 47.9 | 43.3 | 41.5 | - |
| México | 45.8 | 39.7 | 33.1 | 32.3 | 33.1 |
| Micronesia, Estados Federados de | 40.7 | 42.7 | 37.5 | - | - |
| Moldavia | 63.6 | 66.3 | 61.1 | 57.1 | 58.6 |
| Mongolia | 229 | 197 | 172 | 160 | 153 |
| Montenegro | 165 | 141 | 115 | 108 | - |
| Mozambique | 398 | 350 | 324 | 307 | 284 |
| Myanmar | 20.7 | 20.1 | 18.2 | 15.1 | 16.5 |
| Namibia | 67.9 | 71.6 | 75.9 | 75.3 | - |
| Nepal | 23.9 | 22.3 | 24.3 | 23.7 | - |
| Nicaragua | 104.3 | 96.8 | 86.3 | 78.7 | 75.0 |
| Níger | 34.8 | 35.3 | 33.7 | 26.8 | - |
| Nigeria | 15.8 | 15.9 | 21.1 | 43.2 | - |
| Noruega | 139 | 118 | 143 | 155 | 156 |
| Nueva Zelanda | 88.6 | 86.5 | 86.2 | 94.6 | - |
| Países Bajos | 440 | 396 | 371 | 349 | - |
| Pakistán | 35.1 | 34.7 | 37.4 | 35.2 | 33.4 |
| Palau | 77.6 | 72.3 | - | - | - |
| Panamá | 176 | 167 | 164 | 170 | 165 |
| Papúa Nueva Guinea | 75.7 | 61.9 | 50.4 | 42.1 | - |
| Paraguay | 56.9 | 60.5 | 61.8 | 67.0 | 61.6 |
| Perú | 44.4 | 40.9 | 38.6 | 36.7 | 33.6 |
| Polonia | 53.3 | 54.0 | 53.2 | 50.3 | - |
| Portugal | 190 | 165 | 147 | 145 | 145 |
| Reino Unido | 313 | 284 | 271 | 271 | - |
| República Centroafricana | 41.6 | 41.7 | 39.8 | 37.0 | - |
| República Checa | 72.3 | 68.3 | 62.4 | 62.5 | - |
| República Democrática del Congo | 17.7 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 19.0 |
| República Dominicana | 46.1 | 42.4 | 43.2 | 42.8 | 42.9 |
| Ruanda | 84.1 | 72.7 | 79.3 | 91.6 | 91.3 |
| Rumanía | 59.1 | 54.7 | 56.9 | 57.5 | 60.0 |
| Rusia | 26.7 | 17.2 | 15.4 | 13.4 | 11.7 |
| Samoa | 58.5 | 54.0 | 41.4 | 33.6 | - |
| San Vicente y las Granadinas | 64.3 | 63.1 | 64.0 | 68.4 | - |
| Santa Lucía | 47.8 | 39.0 | 45.3 | 46.4 | - |
| Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 62.1 | 52.7 | 45.9 | - | - |
| Senegal | 111.5 | 128.2 | 148.1 | 146.3 | 130.2 |
| Serbia | 64.8 | 65.5 | 58.7 | 58.6 | - |
| Sierra Leona | 35.4 | 34.0 | 37.3 | 31.9 | - |
| Singapur | 431 | 374 | 404 | 390 | 409 |
| Somalia | 43.7 | 40.1 | 28.6 | 28.9 | - |
| Sri Lanka | 66.2 | 79.4 | 72.4 | 57.4 | 59.2 |
| Suazilandia | 24.7 | 26.3 | 27.0 | - | - |
| Sudáfrica | 38.2 | 40.3 | 41.5 | 42.0 | 42.3 |
| Sudán | 156.9 | 108.4 | 68.7 | 112.0 | - |
| Suecia | 168 | 174 | 170 | 168 | 157 |
| Suiza | 286 | 264 | 229 | 235 | - |
| Surinam | 114.3 | 102.4 | 116.9 | 102.2 | - |
| Tailandia | 38.9 | 40.6 | 38.0 | 36.9 | 34.5 |
| Taiwán | 27.4 | 26.4 | 27.3 | 27.4 | 26.5 |
| Tanzania | 42.7 | 41.4 | 44.8 | 46.2 | 43.9 |
| Tayikistán | 73.7 | 62.7 | 53.8 | 49.1 | 42.8 |
| Timor-Leste | 7.7 | 9.0 | 14.8 | - | - |
| Togo | 42.6 | 40.5 | 37.1 | 36.2 | - |
| Tonga | 42.6 | 41.4 | 38.7 | 30.9 | - |
| Trinidad y Tobago | 24.2 | 24.9 | 39.1 | 44.7 | - |
| Túnez | 91.5 | 91.4 | 87.9 | 78.8 | 77.5 |
| Turkmenistán | 10.0 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 8.1 |
| Turquía | 51.3 | 48.8 | 43.2 | 38.1 | 35.3 |
| Ucrania | 65.1 | 81.6 | 89.5 | 94.8 | 96.1 |
| Uganda | 48.3 | 44.5 | 39.0 | 35.9 | 33.7 |
| Uruguay | 83.9 | 78.2 | 64.7 | 55.7 | 60.2 |
| Uzbekistán | 55.3 | 56.9 | 57.3 | 57.9 | 49.1 |
| Vanuatu | 50.2 | 44.3 | 45.3 | 55.2 | - |
| Venezuela | 172.5 | 117.7 | 110.2 | 132.1 | 164.0 |
| Vietnam | 37.8 | 35.7 | 32.8 | 28.9 | 31.3 |
| Yemen | 39.2 | 31.2 | 39.5 | 39.2 | 35.4 |
| Yibuti | 94.7 | 89.1 | 87.7 | - | - |
| Zambia | 122.0 | 97.6 | 105.5 | 106.6 | 95.4 |
| Zimbabue | 26.9 | 29.1 | 32.8 | 40.8 | 38.3 |