Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany

Germany Economic Forecast

Germany Economic Outlook

As expected by our panelists, the economy avoided entering a technical recession by the skin of its teeth in Q1. The result had been foreshadowed by high frequency data. Inflation fell in Q1 compared to Q4, leading consumer sentiment to improve and the services PMI to rise into expansionary territory over the quarter. That said, the manufacturing PMI fell slightly further into contractionary territory and merchandise exports grew slightly less in annual terms in January–February. In Q2, our panelists expect the economy to grow. The services PMI plus consumer and business confidence all ticked up in April, boding positively for private spending. In other news, in late March, the three ruling parties—the SDP, FDP and Greens—struck a deal on climate change and infrastructure measures—but only after three days of grueling talks, adding to the impression of a gridlocked government.

Germany Inflation

Harmonized inflation fell to 7.4% in March from 8.7% in February due to a sharp slowdown in energy prices. This year, inflation is expected to cool as the base effect toughens and domestic demand eases. Key factors to watch include the EU’s energy price cap, further disruption to natural gas supply and additional government intervention.

This chart displays Economic Growth (GDP, annual variation in %) for Germany from 2013 to 2022.

Germany Economic Data

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Population (million) 82.7 82.9 83.1 83.2 83.2
GDP (EUR bn) 3,267 3,365 3,473 3,405 3,602
GDP per capita (EUR) 39,527 40,594 41,800 40,950 43,292
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 4.2 3.0 3.2 -2.0 5.8
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 2.7 1.0 1.1 -3.7 2.6
Domestic Demand (ann. var. %) 2.6 1.6 1.7 -3.0 1.9
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) 1.4 1.5 1.6 -5.7 0.4
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) 1.7 0.8 2.6 4.0 3.8
Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) 2.6 3.4 1.9 -2.3 1.2
Exports (G&S, ann. var. %) 4.9 2.2 1.3 -9.3 9.7
Imports (G&S, ann. var. %) 5.2 4.0 2.9 -8.5 9.0
Industrial Production (ann. var. %) 3.2 0.9 -2.3 -7.7 3.6
Retail Sales (ann. var. %) 2.9 1.8 3.2 4.8 0.6
Disposable Income (ann. var. %) 3.5 3.7 2.4 1.3 1.9
Wages (ann. var. %) 2.3 3.0 3.0 2.2 1.5
Unemployment (% of active population, eop) 5.5 5.0 5.0 6.1 5.2
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 5.7 5.2 5.0 5.9 5.7
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) 1.3 1.9 1.5 -4.3 -3.7
Public Debt (% of GDP) 65.2 61.9 59.6 68.7 69.3
Inflation (HICP, ann. var. %, eop) 1.5 1.7 1.5 -0.7 5.7
Inflation (HICP, ann. var. %, aop) 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.4 3.2
Inflation (PPI, ann. var. %, aop) 2.7 2.6 1.1 -1.0 10.5
ECB Refinancing Rate (%, eop) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3-Month EURIBOR (%, eop) -0.33 -0.31 -0.38 -0.55 -0.57
10-Year Bond Yield (%, eop) 0.43 0.24 -0.23 -0.62 -0.18
Stock Market (var. of DAX %) 12.5 -18.3 25.5 3.6 15.8
Exchange Rate (USD per EUR, eop) 1.20 1.14 1.12 1.22 1.14
Exchange Rate (USD per EUR, aop) 1.13 1.18 1.12 1.14 1.18
Current Account Balance (EUR bn) 255.8 267.7 262.9 238.7 265.0
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) 7.8 8.0 7.6 7.0 7.4
Merchandise Trade Balance (EUR bn) 247.9 228.7 224.0 180.4 175.3
Foreign Direct Investment (EUR bn) 41 63 47 53 27

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